复合体育纠纷仲裁解决的困境及其解决之道

The Dilemma of Arbitration Settlement of Composite Sports Disputes and Its Resolution

《体育法》第92条以“正面列举+反面排除”方式规定体育仲裁的范围,突出了体育自治的特殊性,划定了体育仲裁与商事仲裁、劳动仲裁的界限,为体育仲裁管辖提供了法律依据,但无法实现复合体育纠纷仲裁的快速解决。复合体育纠纷主体多元,性质多样,导致纠纷定性困难、体育仲裁管辖受限和同案不同裁等现实困境。通过明晰复合体育纠纷的性质、尊重当事人意思自治、兼顾体育行业治理特色,可以化解上述困境。与此同时,体育仲裁机构可以联合商事仲裁机构和/或劳动仲裁机构,基于当事人意思自治,一并处理涉体育的所有纠纷,既可凸显体育仲裁的特殊性,又能整合商事仲裁与劳动仲裁的优势,以此推动我国体育仲裁机构的发展与体育仲裁制度的完善。

Article 92 of the Sports Law defines the scope of sports arbitration in a manner of"positive listing and negative exclusion",highlighting the special nature of sports autonomy and establishing the boundaries between sports arbitration and commercial or labor arbitration,thereby providing a legal basis for the jurisdiction of sports arbitration.However,it is unable to facilitate the rapid resolution of composite sports disputes.Such disputes,due to their diverse subjects and varied nature,lead to practical dilemmas such as the challenge of dispute characterization,limited jurisdiction in sports arbitration,and varying decisions for similar cases.By clarifying the nature of composite sports disputes,respecting the autonomy of the parties involved,and considering the unique aspects of sports industry governance,these challenges can be addressed.Concurrently,sports arbitration institutions may establish the joint arbitration with commercial arbitration institutions and/or labor arbitration institutions,based on the parties'autonomy,to handle all sports-related disputes.This approach not only emphasizes the uniqueness of sports arbitration,but also integrates the strengths of commercial and labor arbitration,which would contribute to the development of China's sports arbitration institutions and the improvement of sports arbitration system.