甘油三酯催化转化为柴油、喷气燃料和润滑油基础油

Catalytic conversion of triglycerides into diesel,jet fuel,and lube base oil

将生物质转化为可持续燃料和化学品对于解决环境问题、减少碳排放、增强能源安全以及促进经济和社会发展至关重要.在众多生物质原料中,来自不同来源的甘油三酯,如植物油、动物脂肪和微藻油,因其低氧含量和脂肪酸单元中的高度石蜡骨架,与石油衍生烃的结构相似,而特别适合生产可持续的烃燃料和化学品.这意味着通过相对简单的催化转化过程,就能有效地将甘油三酯转化为烃类产物.本文概述了甘油三酯通过加氢过程转化为无氧燃料(如柴油和喷气燃料)以及润滑油基础油等高附加值产品的过程.此外,还根据反应机理讨论了所需催化剂的重要结构性质,以及甘油三酯的不同脂肪酸组成对催化转化过程的影响.

The conversion of biomass into sustainable fuels and chemicals is essential for addressing environmental concerns,reducing the carbon footprint of the energy sector,enhancing energy security,and promoting economic and social development.Among various biomass feedstocks,triglycerides from diverse sources,such as vegetable oils,animal fats,and microalgal oils,are particularly suitable for producing sustainable hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals due to their low oxygen contents and highly paraffinic backbone in the fatty acid units,the structures of which are already quite similar to those of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons.This implies that relatively simple catalytic conversions can effectively convert triglycerides into hydrocarbon products.In this Perspective,we will provide an overview on the hydroconversion of triglycerides into oxygen-free fuels,such as diesel and jet fuel,and value-added products such as lube base oil.In addition,we will discuss the important structural properties of the required catalysts and the effects of different fatty acid compositions of triglycerides for each conversion process in light of reaction mechanisms.