“象”:《周易》美学的基本阐释单位

"Xiang":The Basic Unit of Interpretation in the Aesthetics of The Book of Changes

“象”是《周易》的思想内核。《周易》中“观物取象”的审美观照方式以及“立象以尽意”的说理方式,使得“事象之宜”“万物杂象”等一切事物都被纳入“象”之范畴。“象”作为《周易》的基本阐释单位,从文学意义上进行考察,其内容主要分为三类,即“卦有事象,有物象,有图象”。卦爻辞中借“物象”以明人世之事,借“事象”以明抽象之义,借“图象”以明天地之道,形成了一个逐层递进的整体性象征结构。在描述各“象”的过程中,不仅融合了对自然的观察、对社会的品评、对规律的把握,还有意识地追求语言、韵律、修辞等语象方面的文学性。历代学者对于周易之“象”的“仰观俯察”,凝聚了先哲博大精深的思想智慧,更为今人留下了内容丰厚的文学宝库。

"Xiang"is the ideological core of The Book of Changes.In The book of changes,the aesthetic way of"observation of objects and selection of images"and the reasoning way of"express the meaning through the images"make all things be included in the category of"Xiang"."Xiang"is the basic interpretation of the unit,from the literary significance of the investigation,its content is mainly divided into three categories,namely,"Gua has something like,symbols of objects;symbols of things;symbols of images'"In the hexagrams and lines,the author borrows"objects"to illustrate the affairs of the world,"things"to illustrate the abstract meanings,and"images"to illustrate the objective rules,forming a holistic symbolic structure that progresses from one level to the next.In the process of describing the"images",the author not only integrates his observation of nature,social appraisal,and grasp of laws,but also consciously pursues the literary aspects of language,rhyme,and rhetoric.The scholars from different ages have condensed the profound wisdom of the philosophers and left a rich literary treasure trove for the present generation.