基于综合视角的县域国土空间冲突测度与功能优化——以江西省宜黄县为例

Measurement and Function Optimization of County Territorial Spatial Conflict Based on Comprehensive Perspective——A Case Study of Yihuang County,Jiangxi Province

[目的]测度国土空间冲突强度,分区探讨国土空间冲突管理和优化国土空间利用途径,为县域国土空间可持续开发利用提供新的思路。[方法]以江西省宜黄县为例,通过景观生态指数模型、可开发强度分析、用地现状与适宜性评价叠加3种方法,以“把握景观格局—明确开发强度—摸底适宜性—实现功能优化”综合视角为导向,构建综合视角下国土空间冲突测度模型,识别乡镇尺度下空间显著冲突与区域本位基底相耦合的综合冲突类型区,进而提出功能优化措施。[结果]①2010—2020年宜黄县城镇化趋势扩大,生态空间的容纳度变低,国土空间主要表现为农业生产空间和生态空间向工矿生产空间和城镇生活空间转移。②2010—2020年宜黄县区域空间冲突强度加剧,不同时段和区域下空间冲突强度和分布情况差异显著,可控空间主要分布在南部,轻度和中度冲突在域内分布较为均匀,重度冲突主要分布在北部、中部和东部。③根据开发强度和冲突产生诱因,可将宜黄县乡镇划分为地形发展劣势区、城镇开发密集区和自然保护地集中区3类,作为空间功能优化的重点。④宜黄县乡镇尺度上空间冲突类型区分布存在差异性,表现为:农业空间与生态空间冲突>城镇空间与生态空间冲突>城镇空间冲突>农业空间冲突。⑤由综合冲突测度模型,得到宜黄县域内包含8种综合冲突组合,归并后可分为城镇扩张无序、城镇规模扩张、城镇规划不当、总体发展滞后和城镇发展滞后5种冲突类型。[结论]2010—2020年宜黄县空间冲突强度加剧,区域生态安全和粮食安全受到不断挑战。应当加强空间冲突分区管控,针对性优化区域国土空间资源开发利用。

[Objective]The intensity of spatial conflicts was measured and ways to strengthen the management of territorial space conflicts were determined at county scale,and the utilization of territorial space was optimized in different regions in order to provide new ideas for the sustainable development and utilization of territorial space at the county level.[Methods]Taking Yihuang County in Jiangxi Province for example,the three methods of landscape ecological index model,exploitable intensity analysis,and land use status and suitability evaluation were used in conjunction with guidance provided from the comprehensive perspective of"grasp landscape pattern-clarify development intensity-determine suitability-realize function optimization"to construct a comprehensive spatial conflict measurement model.Impact type areas with significant spatial conflicts coupled with regional bases at the township scale were identified,and functional optimization measures were proposed.[Results]①At Yihuang County from 2010 to 2020,urbanization expanded and the accommodation degree of ecological space declined.The main change trend was that the agricultural production space and ecological space were transferred to the industrial and mining production space and the urban living space.②From 2010 to 2020,the intensity of regional conflicts intensified,and there were significant differences in intensity and distribution in different periods and regions.The controllable space was mainly located in the southern part of the study area.The mild and moderate conflicts were evenly distributed in the region.The severe conflicts were mainly located in the northern,central,and eastern areas.③According to the analysis of development intensity and the causes of conflict,the towns and villages could be divided into three categories:disadvantaged areas of terrain development,intensive areas of urban development,and concentrated areas of nature protection,which are the key points of spatial function optimization;④At the township scale,there were differences in the distribution of spatial conflict types,and the conflict areas followed the order of agricultural space and ecological space conflict>urban space and ecological space conflict>urban space conflict>agricultural space conflict;⑤From the comprehensive conflict measurement model,it can be concluded that there were eight kinds of comprehensive conflict combinations within the region,which could be divided into five conflict types after merging:disorderly urban expansion,urban scale expansion,improper urban planning,overall development lag and urban development lag.[Conclusion]The intensity of spatial conflicts in Yihuang County increased during 2010 to 2020,and regional ecological security and food security were constantly challenged.Therefore,regional control of spatial conflicts should be strengthened to optimize the development and utilization of regional territorial space resources.