2000—2021年锡林郭勒草原生态环境质量变化及其驱动因素

Quality Change and Driving Factors of Grassland Ecological Environment in Xilingol League from 2000 to 2021

[目的]对内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟草原生境质量动态变化及其影响因素进行研究,为该地区生态环境保护政策的制定和高质量发展提供科学理论依据。[方法]利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台和MODIS数据构建生态遥感指数(RSEI)评价研究区的生境质量,并运用Moran指数和地理探测器分析遥感生态指数(RSEI)的空间异质性和影响因素。[结果]①2000—2021年研究区的生境质量经历了先恶化后改善的过程。生态环境得到了较大程度的改善,中部的典型草原和东部的草甸草原生境质量较好,而西部的荒漠草原区生境质量较差。②5个年份的全局莫兰指数(global Moran’s I)均大于0.935,表明研究区内RSEI的空间分布呈高度正相关,主要呈现高高和低低聚类分布。③地理探测器结果显示,绿度是影响RSEI的主要因素,模型因子与自然因子之间的交互作用最为显著,其次是模型因子与社会经济因子的耦合。[结论]锡林郭勒盟东部的生境质量高值区应继续加强对生态环境的保护力度,西部的生境质量低值区要注重对荒漠草原的修复与治理,遏制沙漠向东扩张。

[Objective]The dynamic changes in grassland habitat quality and its influencing factors in Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia were studied to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the formulation of ecological environmental protection policies and high-quality development in this area.[Methods]The remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)was constructed by using the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform and MODIS data to evaluate the habitat quality of the study area.Spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors of RSEI were analyzed by using the Moran index and geographic detector.[Results]①The results demonstrated a temporal change in habitat quality in the study area,with quality initially deteriorating and later improving from 2000 to 2021.The ecological environment significantly improved over time.Habitat quality was better in the typical steppe of central China and the meadow steppe of Eastern China,while it was worse in the desert steppe of Western China.②The global Moran's I for the five-year study period exceeded 0.935,indicating a strong positive spatial correlation in the distribution of RSEI within the study area,primarily characterized by high-high and low-low cluster patterns.③The geodetector results showed that greenness was the main factor affecting RSEI.The most significant influence on ecological environmental quality was the interaction between model factors and natural factors,followed by the coupling of model factors and socio-economic factors.[Conclusion]The areas of high-value habitat quality in the eastern region of the Xilingol League should continue to strengthen protection of the ecological environment,and the areas of low-value habitat quality in the west should focus on restoration and management of desert grasslands and on curbing the eastward expansion of desert.