1980—2020年福建省耕地非农化的时空演变特征

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Cultivated Land Non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province from 1980 to 2020

[目的]以县域为单位对1980—2020年福建省耕地非农化时空演变特征进行系统研究,揭示福建省耕地非农化的空间分布、迁移规律和集聚特征,以期为福建省耕地资源保护与可持续利用提供依据。[方法]基于福建省1980,1990,2000,2010,2020年5期土地利用数据,运用重心模型、空间自相关等方法分析福建省耕地非农化时空演变特征。[结果]①福建省耕地资源主要呈带状分布于东南沿海,且耕地面积随时间推移逐年减少。②福建省耕地非农化空间分布地域差异性显著,耕地非农化程度不断加剧,由东南沿海地区逐步向全省范围扩散。耕地非农化高等级区域主要分布在东南沿海地区和西北地区,以耕地转为建设用地、林地和草地为主要类型。③福建省耕地非农化重心偏离于几何中心,其分布具有非均衡性。耕地非农化重心主要位于该省几何中心东南方向,沿先西南后东南再西北的路径转移。福建省东南部地区的耕地非农化程度仍高于西北部地区,耕地非农化空间格局的总体趋势由东南部地区向西北部地区迁移。④福建省耕地非农化呈空间正相关性,空间集聚程度加深。“高—高”集聚和“低—低”集聚的空间变化对福建省耕地非农化空间自相关关系的格局演变起主导作用,“高—高”集聚由东南部地区向西北部地区转移,“低—低”集聚数量减少。[结论]福建省耕地非农化程度不断加深,空间聚集度加强及耕地非农化重心逐渐向西北地区移动。为确保粮食安全,兼顾经济发展,应采取合理措施保护耕地,实现耕地资源的可持续发展。

[Objective]The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province from 1980 to 2020 were systematically studied based on county scale area,and the spatial distribution,migration law,and aggregation characteristics of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province were revealed in order to provide a basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in Fujian Province.[Methods]Based on land use data of Fujian Province in 1980,1990,2000,2010,and 2020,a center of gravity model and spatial autocorrelation methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the non-agriculturalization of cultivated land in Fujian Province.[Results]①The cultivated land resources in Fujian Province were mainly distributed in a belt-shaped manner along the southeastern coast,and the area of cultivated land decreased year by year over time.②The spatial distribution of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province exhibited significant geographical differences,and the degree of cultivated land non-agriculturalization has been increasing,gradually expanding from the southeast coastal area to the entire province.The high grade areas of cultivated land non-agriculturalization were mainly distributed in the southeast coastal area and the northwest area,with the conversion of cultivated land mainly into construction land,forest land and grassland.③The gravity center of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province deviated from the geometric center,and its distribution was uneven.The center of gravity of cultivated land non-agriculturalization was mainly located to the southeast of the geometric center,shifting first to the southwest,then to the southeast,and then to the northwest.The degree of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in the southeastern part of Fujian Province was still greater than in the northwestern part of the province.The overall trend of the spatial pattern of cultivated land non-agriculturalization shifted over time from the southeastern part to the northwestern part of the province.④Cultivated land non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province showed a positive spatial correlation and a deepening spatial clustering.The spatial changes of the"high-high"and"low-low"agglomeration played a dominant role in the evolution of the spatial autocorrelation of cultivated land non-agriculturalization in Fujian Province,with the"high-high"agglomeration shifting from the southeast to the northwest,and the"low-low"agglomeration shifting from the southeast to the northwest.The"high-high"agglomeration shifted from the southeastern region to the northwestern region,and the number of"low-low"agglomeration decreased.[Conclusion]The degree of non-agricultural land in Fujian Province is deepening,the degree of spatial aggregation is strengthening and the center of gravity of non-agricultural land is gradually moving to Northwest China.In order to ensure food security and take into account economic development,reasonable measures should be taken to protect cultivated land and realize sustainable development of cultivated land resources.