恩格斯“自然报复”论的生态意蕴与新文明形态的构建

The ecological implication of Engels'theory of"nature's retaliation"and the construction of new civilization form

“自然的报复”是恩格斯在《自然辩证法》手稿中提及的一个重要问题,对此恩格斯有力地证实了其自然辩证法是关于自然界与人类历史相统一的理论思维形式,具有历史辩证法的意蕴,呈现出恩格斯与马克思在辩证法规律理解上的一致性。恩格斯“自然报复”论在当前资本主义社会以极为强烈的形式--新冠疫情和极端气候等重大生态危机呈现出来,表明了资本逻辑统治的界限和荒谬之处。基于此,他对资本主义文明中资本与自然的矛盾进行了自然辩证法的深刻批判,意图通过社会革命建构能够“实现人与自然、人与人的双重和解”的共产主义新文明生态理念,重塑自然、人和社会的和谐关系,以在现代文明推进中实现对自然的合理安放。

"The retaliation from nature"is an important issue mentioned by Engels in his manuscript of Dialectics of Nature.Engels strongly confirms that his dialectics of nature is a form of theoretical thinking about the unification of nature and human history,which owns the meaning of historical dialectics,and presents the consistency between Engels and Marx in understanding the laws of dialectics.Engels'theory of"nature's retaliation"is presented in the form of extremely violent form,such as COVID-19 pandemic,extreme climate and other major ecological crises,in the current capitalist society,which shows the limits and absurdities of the logical rule of capital.In this regard,he makes a profound criticism of the contradiction between capital and nature in capitalist civilization from the perspective of natural dialectics.He intends to construct a new ecological concept of communist civilization that can"realize the double reconciliation between man and nature,man and man"through the social revolution,and reshape the harmonious relationship between nature,man and society,so as to realize the rational placement of nature in the promotion of modern civilization.