不同耕作模式下农机作业对PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和TSP排放的影响

Effect of Agricultural Machinery Operation on PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and TSP Emissions under Different Tillage Modes

农机可以提高作业效率,但也会加剧农田扬尘的排放,对农田区域大气造成污染,影响空气质量。以北京市昌平区玉米收获与小麦耕种环节农机作业为研究对象,揭示了农机作业对农田PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和TSP 3种颗粒物排放的影响。结果表明,在小麦耕种阶段,农机作业对农田扬尘浓度的影响程度由大到小依次为秸秆切碎、旋耕、免耕播种和传统播种;传统耕作模式排放的颗粒物总量为保护性耕作模式的4.6~6.7倍,保护性耕作模式减少了作业环节,减少了农机下地次数,从根本上减少了农田扬尘。

Agricultural machinery can improve operational efficiency,but it can also exacerbate emission of dust from farmland and cause environmental pollution.Taking corn harvesting and wheat cultivation process in Changping District,Beijing as research object,impact of agricultural machinery operation on emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and TSP particles in farmland was revealed.Results showed that during wheat cultivation stage,degree of influence of agricultural machinery operation on dust concentration in farmland was in des-cending order:straw chopping,rotary tillage,no till sowing,and traditional sowing.Total amount of particulate matter emitted by traditional cultivation mode was 4.6~6.7 times that of protective cultivation mode.Protective cultivation mode reduced number of cultiv-ation steps,reduced number of times agricultural machinery was lowered,and fundamentally reduced farmland dust.