未分化甲状腺癌去分化过程的分子研究进展

Advances in the Molecular Research on the Dedefferentiation Process of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

未分化甲状腺癌(ATC)是罕见但极具侵略性的甲状腺癌,对多数患者而言是致命的。随着分子检测常规化及分子靶向药物的不断研发,分子靶向治疗已成为未分化甲状腺癌的一种重要治疗手段。然而,ATC的分子和遗传特征存在广泛的异质性,这使得ATC靶向治疗变得更加困难。许多研究证明ATC来源于分化型甲状腺癌(DTC),通过特定分子事件触发去分化过程,但触发这一过程并维持ATC侵袭性的分子机制尚不完全明确。该文讨论从DTC至ATC的分子进化轨迹,对相关分子机制进行综述,这对于未分化甲状腺癌的诊断和治疗具有指导意义。

Anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)is a rare but extremely aggressive form of thyroid cancer that is fatal to most patients.With the regularization of molecular testing and the continuous development of molecular targeted drugs,molecular targeted therapy has become an important treatment method for anaplastic thyroid cancer.However,there is extensive heterogeneity in the molecular and genetic characteristics of ATC,which makes targeted therapy of ATC more difficult.Many studies have proven that ATC originates from differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)and triggers the dedifferentiation process through specific molecular events.However,the molecular mechanism that triggers this process and maintains the invasiveness of ATC is not fully understood.This article discusses the molecular evolutionary trajectory from DTC to ATC and reviews the relevant molecular mechanisms,which has guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.