内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性研究

Research on Avian Diversity in Daqingshan National Nature Reserve,Inner Mongolia

内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区地处阴山山脉中段,具有重要的生态和生物多样性保护价值。2021年9月至2022年9月,本文采用固定距离样线法和样点法对该保护区的鸟类多样性进行调查,统计不同季节鸟类种群数量,通过计算Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数分析鸟类在季节分布上的差异。共记录到鸟类115种,隶属于17目39科,其中国家一级重点保护鸟类6种,二级重点保护鸟类21种;留鸟45种,夏候鸟42种,冬候鸟7种,旅鸟21种。不同季节鸟类种数差异较大,鸟类多样性及结构存在差异,春季鸟类物种数量最多,冬季鸟类个体数量最多,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数由高到低依次为春季、夏季、秋季和冬季。研究结果将为保护区国家重点保护鸟类长期监测提供数据支撑。

Situated in the middle of the Yinshan Mountain Range,the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is a crucial bastion for ecological integrity and biodiversity conservation.The comprehensive assessment of avian diversity within this reserve has been hindered by a paucity of available data.To bridge this gap,our study embarked on an exhaustive field survey aimed at elucidating the composition and distribution of bird species within the reserve.We utilized a combination of line-transect and point-count methodologies to assess avian diversity from September 2021 to September 2022.Concurrently,we analyzed the distribution patterns using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,and Simpson dominance index to gain a nuanced understanding of avian diversity.Our investigation identified 115 bird species,which are classified across 17 orders and 39 families.Significantly,this assemblage includes six species recognized as first-class National Protected Wildlife and an additional 21 species as second-class National Protected Wildlife.Furthermore,by categorizing birds based on their residence type,we revealed 45 resident species,42 summer visitors,7 winter visitors,and 21 passage migrants.Notably,the number of bird species exhibited significant variation across seasons,with the highest diversity observed in spring and the largest number of individual birds recorded during winter.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Pielou evenness index both demonstrated a consistent descending trend,with values peaking in spring and progressively diminishing through summer,autumn,and reaching their lowest in winter.Our findings underscore the significant impact of seasonal variations on avian populations within the Daqingshan Reserve.These results strongly advocate for the development of customized conservation and management strategies,specifically designed to accommodate and preserve the dynamic nature of avian diversity throughout the year.