语汇棱镜中的陈师道词之“花间”渊源论析

A Comparative Study of Chen Shidao′s Ci and Hua Jian Ci from the Perspective of Vocabulary

陈师道传世词54首,共计语汇1 564条。通过隐喻、并置、关联等手法,用花鸟闺阁物象类语汇营造出朦胧而艳丽的词境,彰显了陈师道词的“花间”渊源。受“花间”审美对象影响,其词空间类语汇多指向狭窄、深幽的庭院筵席,且以男性视角聚焦于女性日常行为或筵席间歌伎的舞乐与别离。至于精致刻画女性体态情貌的语汇的使用,则彰显了花间词的香艳特色,这使得陈师道词整体呈现出纤艳的风格,有别于他的拙朴诗风,展现出安贫乐道的陈师道内心世界的另一种期盼。意绪类语汇主要指向哀怨的情感基调,这与陈师道的词学理念及个人生活贫苦、多经别离的生命体验密切相关。书写真率的生命体验、自恃其词为词体文学之正统,以及当时词坛对本色词的充分认可,成就了陈师道对其词的充分自负。

Chen Shidao has passed down 54 Ci,including 1564 vocabulary.By using metaphor,juxtaposition and correlation,the words of the boudoir of flowers and birds create a hazy and gorgeous Ci environment,which is the similarity between Chen Shidao′s Ci and Hua Jian Ci.Influenced by the aesthetic object of "Hua jian Ci",the spatial vocabulary of his Ci mostly points to the narrow and secluded courtyard banquets,and focuses on the female daily behavior or the dance,music and separation of koji during the banquets from a male perspective.As for the use of vocabulary that delicately portrays the physical and emotional features of women,it highlights the fragrant and gorgeous characteristics of Hua Jian Ci,which makes Chen Shidao′s overall poetry present a delicate and gorgeous style,different from his simple poetic style,and showcases another kind of expectation for Chen Shidao′s inner world,which is peaceful and contented.Emotional vocabulary mainly points to a melancholic emotional tone,which is closely related to Chen Shidao′s philosophy of Ci poetry and his personal life experiences of poverty and separation.Chen Shidao′s sincere life experience in writing,his belief in his Ci as the orthodox form of literature,and his full recognition of authentic Ci in the literary world at that time,all contributed to his full confidence in his Ci.