教育过程公平视域下学生课堂互动机会获得机制

The Mechanism of Students'Access to Classroom Interaction Opportunities from the Perspective of Equity in the Educational Process

课堂互动机会是一种重要的教育过程资源,学生课堂互动机会获得情况会直接影响教育过程公平目标的实现。基于课堂场域内教师与学生的日常实践,从师生主体间关系的视角审视学生课堂互动机会的获得过程,对于实现高质量教学目标具有重要现实意义。受教育系统功能、教学话语体系以及师生角色差异等因素限定,课堂互动机会资源在分配过程中难免出现“顾此失彼”的问题。在有限资源的前提下,学生课堂互动机会获得过程主要呈现出结构导向的“教师分配”与能动导向的“学生争取”两种进路,这两种进路指向不同但又彼此关联。为助力学生高质量参与课堂互动,教育者应在教学实践中维护学生平等权利,优化学生互动体验,创设良性互动场域,积极追寻教育过程公平目标。

Classroom interaction opportunities are an important resource in the educational process,and the acquisition of students'classroom interaction opportunities will directly affect the realisation of the goal of equity in the educational process.Based on the daily practice of teachers and students in the classroom,it is of great practical significance to examine the process of students'access to classroom interaction opportunities from the perspective of inter-subjective relationship between teachers and students,in order to achieve the goal of high-quality teaching and learning.Due to the limitations of the function of the educational system,the discourse of teaching and the differences in the roles of teachers and students,the distribution of resources for classroom interaction opportunities may lead to the problem of"losing one thing for another".Under the premise of"limited resources",the process of students'access to classroom interaction opportunities mainly presents two approaches:the structurally oriented"teacher allocation"and the dynamically oriented"student striving".These two approaches are different but related to each other.In order to help students participate in classroom interactions with high quality,educators should safeguard students'equal rights,optimise students'interactive experiences,create a positive interactive field and actively pursue the goal of fairness in the educational process in their teaching practice.