腐败程度的主观测量方法与评析——以贝塔斯曼转型指数为例

Subjective Measurement Methods and of Corruption Degree and Their Analysis——Taking Bertelsmann Transformation Index as an Example

腐败程度的测量在评价腐败治理成效及开展高质量实证研究方面处于基础性地位。目前,腐败程度测量方法主要有主观测量和客观测量两类方法,主观测量法中影响力最大的是透明国际发布的国家清廉指数。探究国家清廉指数的腐败程度测量流程,分析其局限性及缘何失准的原因,对腐败测量方法的革新与发展具有重要意义。贝塔斯曼转型指数是国家清廉指数的重要数据来源之一,其主要通过国家评估、初审、区域审查、不同区域互查、校对五项步骤及两项具体腐败测量题目,以十分制形式及“民主”“治理”两个维度分别测评腐败预防程度与惩治程度,具有良好的信度与效度。但该指数因专家选择偏差、存在西方价值观偏向等问题而一直存在局限性与测量失准风险,因此,应当通过更新腐败测量方法、提高评分专家代表性等方式提高腐败程度主观测量法的测量质量。

Measurement of corruption degree is fundamental in evaluating the effectiveness of corruption governance and conducting high-quality empirical research.Nowadays,there are two main methods for measuring the degree of corruption:subjective measurement and objective measurement,the most influential subjective measurement method being the Corruption Perceptions Index.Exploring the process of measuring the degree of corruption in the Corruption Perceptions Index,analyzing its limitations and reasons for inaccuracy,is of great significance for the innovation and development of corruption measurement methods.The Bertelsmann Transformation Index is an important data source for Corruption Perceptions Index.It mainly evaluates the degree of coruption prevention and punishment in the form ofa 10-point system for the two dimensions of"Democracy"and"Governance"through five steps of national assessment,preliminary review,regional review,mutual inspection in different regions,and proof-reading,together with two specific corruption measurement questions,its reliability and validity high.However,the index has always had limitations and measurement inaccuracies due to issues such as expert selection bias and western values bias.In the future,the quality of subjective corruption measurement methods should be improved by updating corruption measurement methods and improving the representativeness of scoring experts.