普通油茶良种资源表型性状多样性分析与综合评价

Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits and comprehensive evaluation of Camellia oleifera excellent germplasm resources

普通油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国总产油量最高、栽培面积最广的木本油料作物。为促进我国普通油茶良种资源的挖掘与利用,本研究使用主成分分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、巢式方差分析、多元回归分析等方法以及变异系数、表型分化系数、香农-维纳多样性指数,探究560份普通油茶良种资源的表型性状多样性及其与环境因子的相关性,并使用熵权TOPSIS法对560份普通油茶良种资源进行综合评价和排序。结果表明,560份普通油茶良种资源存在丰富的遗传多样性,34个表型性状的香农-维纳多样性指数为0.05~2.35,均值为1.06,数量性状的变异系数为3.02%~53.33%,均值为23.25%。普通油茶良种资源34个表型性状种源间和种源内的方差分量均值分别为53.591%和32.382%,说明普通油茶良种资源表型性状种源内相似性较高,其分化主要来自种源间。随着纬度的升高和年平均温度的降低,普通油茶良种资源平均单果质量、种仁含油率及饱和脂肪酸含量呈现下降趋势,而不饱和脂肪酸含量呈现上升趋势,表明纬度和年平均温度是限制普通油茶生长的主要因子。熵权TOPSIS法综合评价和排序结果显示,长林4号综合得分指数最高,浙江、云南、安徽、湖南等地区均有多个选育的良种综合排名在前30以内。本研究结果为普通油茶育种及良种推广提供了数据支撑。

Camellia oleifera is the woody oil crop with the highest total oil production and the largest cultivated area in China.To improve the mining and utilization of C.oleifera excellent germplasm resources in China,this study used principal component analysis,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,nested analysis of variance,multiple regression analysis,the coefficient of variation,the phenotypic differentiation coefficient,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index to explore the diversity of phenotypic traits of 560 C.oleifera excellent germplasm resources and the correlation between the phenotypic traits and environmental factors.The 560 C.oleifera excellent germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated and ranked using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method.The results showed that there was abundant genetic variation in the 560 C.oleifera excellent germplasm resources,and the Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes of 34 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.05 to 2.35,with a mean value of 1.06,while the coefficients of variation for quantitative traits ranged from 3.02%to 53.33%,with a mean value of 23.25%.The mean values of the variance components among and within provenances of C.oleifera were 53.591%and 32.382%,respectively,indicating that the phenotypic trait similarity within provenances of C.oleifera excellent germplasm resources was high and that its variation mainly originated from within provenances.With the increase of latitude and decrease of annual mean temperature,the single fruit mass,seed kernel oil content and saturated fatty acid content of C.oleifera showed a decreasing trend,while the unsaturated fatty acid content showed an increasing trend,indicating that latitude and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors limiting the growth of C.oleifera.The comprehensive evaluation and ranking results of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method showed that Changlin 4 had the highest comprehensive score index,and Zhejiang,Yunnan,Anhui,Hunan regions had several selected excellent germplasms in the rank of top 30.These results can provide data support for breeding and seed promotion of C.oleifera.