整体比对与拆分使用:短视频二次创作的版权争议与协调——以近五年相关版权侵权诉讼为研究样本

Overall Comparison and Split Use:Copyright Disputes and Coordination of Secondary Creation of Short Videos

截取先发表作品重新组合引发的争议使得并非法律术语的“二次创作”成为网络视听产业重要的版权议题,近年频繁发生的短视频诉讼因其对素材呈现的直观性成为观察的理想场所。文章采用立意抽样法分析近五年的诉讼发现:“短视频系列合集”“长视频亮点集锦”“短视频切片”“短视频特效模板”均体现为截取单个“长视频”和抓取数据化素材的行为方式;侵权认定则多采用“引用素材比例和质量”标准。但因短视频的作品体量,比例标准难以采用;对质量判断倚重的独创性则具有“漂浮性”。“整体比对”的版权侵权认定传统在数据化、智能化创作语境下表现出“不适”。未来可结合“拆分使用”思路,建立自建数据库和公共数据库的并列授权,以实现版权人、二次创作者的利益协调以及与公共使用之间的平衡。

The debate surrounding the interception and recombination of pre-published works has elevated the concept of"secondary creation"into a significant copyright issue within the Internet audiovisual industry.Despite lacking a clear legal definition,"secondary creation"has become a focal point of contention,especially in the context of frequent litigations over short videos in recent years,which offer a straightforward presentation of materials.This article employs a sampling method to analyze litigation trends over the past five years.The findings reveal that various practices,such as"short video series collection,""long video highlights collection,"and"short video effect templates,"often involve the interception of single"long videos"and the extraction of data material.In determining infringement,courts predominantly consider the"proportion and quality of cited material."However,applying the proportion standard is challenging due to the volume of short video works,while assessing the originality of the material presents a subjective challenge.Traditional methods of copyright infringement determination,such as"overall comparison,"may not be suitable in the context of data-driven and intelligent creation.Looking ahead,the concept of"split use"could be explored,combining it with the establishment of side-by-side authorization for self-constructed databases and public databases.This approach aims to reconcile the interests of copyright holders and secondary creators while maintaining a balance with public use.