伊藤仁斋的《大学》解读及其局限

Ito Jinsai's Interpretation of"Da Xue"and Its Limitations

日本江户儒者伊藤仁斋对中国传入日本的朱子学发生了从“崇敬”到“批判”的转变,特别是他的古学思想定型之后,更是猛烈抨击朱子学,并重新解读“四书”等儒学经典,试图清除朱子学者对孔孟思想的误读。对于“四书”中的《大学》,仁斋则从十个方面力证其不是“孔氏之遗书”,否定了程颐、朱熹等人赋予《大学》的儒家经典地位,并作《大学定本》,重新注解《大学》。然而,由于仁斋早年深受朱子学的影响,即使在转向古学之后,其思想中仍含有朱子学的价值取向,从而折射出其《大学》注解本身存在的局限性。

This paper examines the academic orientation of Ito Jinsai,a Confucian scholar from the Edo period in Japan.Jinsai underwent a transformation from"admiration"to"critique"regarding the Confucianism introduced from China,particularly Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.After his Confucian thoughts were established,he vehemently criticized Zhu Xi's school of thought and reinterpreted Confucian classics such as the"Four Books,"attempting to correct the misinterpretations of Confucianism by Zhu Xi's followers.Regarding the"Da Xue"within the"Four Books,"Jinsai presented ten arguments to prove that it was not a"posthumous work of Confucius,"rejecting the Confucian classic status given to it by Cheng Yi,Zhu Xi,and others,and produced his own version with annotations.However,due to Jinsai's early influence by Zhu Xi's teachings and despite his turn towards ancient studies,his thoughts still contained the values of Zhu Xi's teachings,reflecting certain limitations in his interpretation of the"Da Xue."