英属北美殖民地的帝国意识与舆论宣传(1763—1775)

The Empire Consciousness and Publicity of the North American Colonies in the Early Period of the War of Independence(1763-1775)

美国独立革命可以上溯到18世纪上半叶英法在北美争夺殖民地时期。特别是1763年七年战争结束后美英矛盾激发,并逐渐向反大英帝国革命的方向演进。在1775年独立战争开始前,为了突破基于代表权、自然法或宪法争取殖民地身份与利益的困境与局限,殖民地精英通过舆论宣传,将帝国胁迫和无代表权征税所带来的危机,与奴隶叙事话语、帝国腐败与堕落话语、家庭政治话语相联系,从而将法律、政治权利争取问题转化为更广泛的文化领域问题。定居殖民者通过系统建构反父权制的暴政修辞,解除帝国“核心—外围”关系,并以陷入殖民化的危机感来加强松散殖民地情感共同体的形成,为发动独立战争奠定了舆论基础。

American War of Independence can be traced back to the struggle for colonies between Britain and France in North America in the 1750s,then to the triggered conflict between the North-American and Britain after the end of the Seven Years'War in 1763,and gradually evolved into the revolution against the British Empire.Before the War in 1775,in order to break through the dilemma and limitation of striving for colonial identity and interests based on representation,natural law and constitution,the colonial elites,through frequent use of publicity,related the crisis caused by imperial coercion and unrepresented taxation to the narrative discourse of slavery,the discourse of imperial corruption and decadence,and the discourse of domestic politics,thus the issues of legal and political rights were translated into broader cultural field.Through the systematic construction of anti-patriarchal tyranny rhetoric,dissolving the relationship between the core and the periphery of the empire,and strengthening the formation of the emotional community of the loose colonies by the danger of falling into the re-colonization crisis,itlaid the ideological foundation for the settlers to start the war of Independence.