种族与土耳其民族认同建构(1930—1938)

Race and the Construction of Turkish National Identity between 1930 and 1938

20世纪30年代,为了巩固新政权、维护领土统一和促进西式现代化顺利进行,土耳其民族主义者尝试在土耳其国内建构以种族为基础的单一民族认同,提出了具有浓厚种族色彩的“土耳其历史理论”和“太阳语言理论”,并对国内少数族群实施种族同化政策。土耳其民族主义者的种族理论和实践在一定程度上促进了国家统一,增强了民族自信,但也造成族群关系紧张和极端民族主义膨胀等问题,也为后来土耳其实行泛突厥主义外交创造了思想和文化基础。

In the 1930s,in order to consolidate state power,maintain territorial unity,and carry out Western-style modernization,Turkish nationalism led by Kemal vigorously advocated racial consciousness and actively constructed racial national identity,successively introduced Turkish historical and linguistic theories emphasizing racial factors,and assimilated ethnic minorities.The Kemalist racial theory and its practice have to a certain extent promoted the nation unification and westernization,but also led to tensions between different enthnic groups.It deviated from the track of civic nationalism,fostered the development of ultra-nationalism and pan-Turkism,and made Turks feel special affection for the Central Asian region,which has opened the way for the emergence of Türkiye's pan Turkism foreign policy in later years.