基于多群组分析的心理弹性在未来期望与青少年抑郁症状间的中介作用

Mediating role of psychological resilience in future expectation and depressive symptoms in adolescents based on multi-group analysis

目的探讨心理弹性在未来期望与青少年抑郁症状间的中介作用,为青少年抑郁症患者抑郁症状的预防及干预提供思路。方法采用便利抽样法,将2022年10月至2023年6月在山西省精神卫生中心住院及门诊的151名青少年抑郁患者纳入抑郁症组,与抑郁症组年龄匹配的172名健康青少年纳入对照组。应用青少年未来期望量表、简版心理弹性量表及抑郁自评量表分别评定未来期望、心理弹性及抑郁症状。采用Pearson相关分析对未来期望、心理弹性及抑郁症状间的相关关系进行检验,采用Bootstrap抽样法检验心理弹性的中介作用,分别以是否抑郁症患者为分组变量进行多群组分析检验调节效应。结果相关分析结果显示,未来期望及心理弹性均与抑郁症状呈显著负相关(P<0.01);中介作用分析结果显示,青少年未来期望对抑郁症状有直接负向预测作用(β=-0.271,Boot SE=0.067,95%CI:-0.403~-0.141);心理弹性在青少年未来期望与抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用(β=-0.336,Boot SE=0.051,95%CI:-0.442~-0.239),占总效应的55.35%;多群组分析结果显示,未来期望对青少年抑郁症患者心理弹性的影响大于健康青少年(P<0.05)。结论在青少年抑郁症患者中,心理弹性在未来期望与抑郁症状间起部分中介作用,缓解抑郁症状及预防慢性抑郁症的发生可从促进积极未来期望与提升心理弹性着手进行干预。

Objective To explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in future expectations and adolescent depressive symptoms and provide ideas for preventing adolescent depression.Methods By convenience sampling,151 adolescent inpatients and outpatients with depression in Shanxi Mental Health Center from October 2022 to June 2023 were included as depression group,and 172 healthy age-matched adolescents were included as control group.The adolescent future expectations scale,the Connor-Davidson resilience scale,and the self-rating depression scale were used to assess future expectation,psychological resilience and depressive symptoms.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between future expectations,resilience,and depressive symptoms.The Bootstrap sampling method was used to test the mediating role of psychological resilience,and multi-group analysis was conducted to test the moderating effect with depression patients as grouping variables,respectively.Results The correlation analysis revealed that future expectations and psychological resilience were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(P<0.01).The mediation analysis indicated a significant negative prediction of adolescent future expectations on depressive symptoms(β=-0.271,Boot SE=0.067,95%CI:-0.403 to-0.141).Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between adolescent future expectations and depressive symptoms(β=-0.336,Boot SE=0.051,95%CI:-0.442 to-0.239),accounting for 55.35%of the total effect.The multi-group structural equation model showed that the impact of future expectations on the resilience of depressed adolescents was greater than that of healthy adolescents(P<0.05).Conclusion In adolescent depression patients,psychological resilience partially mediates the relationship between future expectations and depressive symptoms.Alleviation of depressive symptoms and prevention of chronic depression can be intervened by promoting positive future expectations and enhancing the psychological resilience.