从电子垃圾到生态恢复:全球视角下的电子垃圾不平等处理模式与景观干预方法研究

From Electronic Waste to Ecological Restoration:The Study on the Unequal Treatment Model and Landscape Intervention Method of Electronic Waste From a Global Perspective

电子技术的飞速发展导致了每年大量电子垃圾(废弃电气和电子设备)的产生,在发达国家尤其如此。在经济全球化的背景下,发展中国家和欠发达国家由于缺乏相关环境法律和政策的保护且劳动力成本较低,导致发达国家将数量庞大的电子垃圾出口至这些国家。在低技拆解这些电子垃圾的过程中,产生的有害化学物质进入空气、土壤和深层地下水,污染饮用水和食物,并最终进入人体。由于经济和政策发展不均衡,产生电子垃圾最少的国家和地区(例如中国、印度、加纳等)反而遭受最大的损失。本文研究了全球范围内电子垃圾的生产、分布和流动情况,及其不平等的分布和处理模式;随后分析了不同国家和国际电子垃圾回收政策,并讨论了非正规拆解行为对经济、社会和环境造成的影响;最后,以中国贵屿为例,重点关注农田、河流和城市用地三种用地类型,从关键景观问题中总结出景观干预策略和方法,并将其实施划分为三个不同的恢复和发展阶段。本文旨在从景观干预的角度,为全球电子垃圾污染地区的生态、健康和生计恢复提供研究和干预建议。

The rapid development of electronic technology has resulted in the annual phase-out of a large amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment,known as"e-waste,"especially in developed countries.In the context of economic globalization,the lack of relevant environmental laws and policies in developing countries and less developed countries,as well as cheap labor,has attracted developed countries to export a large amount of domestic e-waste to these countries.The chemicals produced during the low-tech dismantling process enter the air,soil,and deep groundwater,contaminating drinking water and food,and eventually entering the human body.Due to the inequality of economic and political development,the countries and regions that generate the least e-waste suffer the most.The most affected areas include,but are not limited to,China,India,and Ghana.This paper studies the production,distribution,and movement of e-waste,and its unequal distribution and disposal patterns of e-waste on a global scale.It also analyzes the national and international recycling policies and investigates the consequences of informal dismantling practices on the economy,society,and environment.The conclusion of the paper focuses on Guiyu,China as an example to draw landscape intervention strategies from key landscape issues,specifically for farmland,rivers and urban areas.These strategies are divided into three distinct stages of recovery and development.From the perspective of landscape intervention,this paper attempts to provide research and intervention suggestions for the restoration of ecology,health,and livelihood in global e-waste polluted areas.