设计消亡中的咸海——人类世背景下景观美学与效能的融合

Designing the Demise of Aral Sea:Strategies to Sustain Aesthetics and Performance in Anthropogenic Landscapes

本文以咸海作为景观设计干预的场地,探索在不可逆的人为损害环境的背景下,景观设计师应该如何巧妙地融合美学与效能,使逐渐消逝的湖泊在人类世背景下以尊严和美感谢幕。文章提出,针对咸海的设计方案不仅旨在保留其现有部分,更在于赋予正在消失的景观新的生态价值和意义。本研究认为,在对遭遇人为破坏的景观进行设计时,应着重思考如何使人类清晰地认识到自身对土地的影响,并通过设计手段来纾解人们因环境退化而产生的生态悲伤。本文强调,设计过程必须考量“非人类因素”及其作用,从而更全面地应对挑战。在针对咸海的设计方案中,本文提出了一系列创新措施,包括构建盐池系统、实施耕作措施、建造捕沙沙丘和设置生态标识。设计拟采用场地中的自然资源(如沙石和自然盐等无机材料)和植被等有机材料,以减缓咸海的消亡。本文深入探讨了应对咸海生态悲伤的设计策略,倡导景观设计不仅要从解决问题的角度出发,还应深刻理解非人类因素对于景观效能的影响。文章突出了人类世背景下与环境和物质共存的必要性,通过探讨场地中的物质作为非人类因素在景观效能中的角色,推动从以人类为中心的景观保护观念向感激自然界所有组成部分的态度转变,消解对生态破坏的罪责感及人类作为环境保护唯一媒介的无力感。设计中采用的地球工程学方法和对沙漠材料性能的研究,展现了景观设计如何能与咸海的自然元素和材料互动,以营造一种超越人类中心主义的美学视角。文章的核心目标在于通过设计激发人们对生态的新认知,使人们在人类世背景下深刻体会咸海的消逝,并通过突出自然元素的效能来缓和这一消逝过程,开辟新的生态可能性。

Facing the irreversible decline of anthropogenic landscapes,what should be the aesthetics for landscape architects to design a perishing site?How should landscape design inform ecological grief from disappearing sites?This article evaluates the intersection of landscape aesthetics and material performance as agencies in the drying Aral Sea for design intervention.This article challenges conventional ways of landscape conservation which aim to halt or reverse ecological degradation.Instead,it proposes a paradigm where the design for the anthropogenic landscape in the Aral Sea is not to solely conserve what is left,but rather allows a dignified decline.This perspective suggests that the aesthetics of designing anthropogenic landscapes depends on making visible the impact of human actions on the land and addressing resultant ecological grief,where nonhuman elements and their agency play a vital role in addressing the ecological losses.The proposed design interventions involve creating a system of brine pools,tillage mounds,sand-capturing dunes,and ecological markers,and seek to employ non-human entities,including both inorganic and organic materials like sand,salt,and plantings,in mitigating the demise of the Aral Sea.In essence,this article strives to make human devastation in the Anthropocene perceptible by designing an educative experience while slowing the disappearance of the dying sea.