基于装卸顺序的中型机多航段协同配载优化

Cooperating loading balance optimization for medium-sized aircraft with multiple flight legs based on loading and unloading sequence

多航段、多经停的航空货运航班,飞行过程中需要合理控制飞机的重心(CG)位置,保持平衡状态,中转站装卸操作过程中需要避免额外装卸操作,减少时间和劳力浪费,因此,研究多航段航班的协同配载问题具有重要现实意义。根据航空器自身特点与集装器(ULD)装卸顺序,结合各航段飞机装载平衡与过站机场ULD装卸操作要求,通过协调分配各航段ULD和散货位置,建立了中型机联程航班多目标整数线性规划模型。模型考虑了ULD和散货的质量、体积及与舱位的匹配限制,航空器限重、舱位限重、舱位及区域累积限重、上下舱联合限重和CG位置的平衡限制,以及前后航段ULD和散货的连接性约束。根据造成中间机场额外装卸操作的2种原因,基于装卸顺序,提出装卸优化模型,通过ULD的舱内平移,优化了CG,减少了装卸次数。以B757-200F机型为例,在两装一卸、一装两卸和两装两卸3种场景下,采用商用求解器Gurobi,分别针对3种不同目标函数组合进行求解和分析对比。实验表明:所提模型可以有效协调过站货物的额外装卸次数,优化前后两航段的CG位置。

For air cargo flights with multiple legs and multiple stops,it is necessary to reasonably control the center of gravity(CG)position of the aircraft,and maintain a balanced state during the flight;during the loading and unloading operation at intermediate airports,it is important to avoid extra loading and unloading operations,so as to reduce waste of time and labor.Therefore,studying the cooperating loading balance problem of multiple flight legs flights was of great practical significance.In this paper,according to the aircraft’s characteristics and the sequence of unit load device(ULD)loading and unloading,and combined with the loading and unloading operation requirements for the aircraft loading balance in each flight leg and ULD in the over-station airport,a multi-objective integer linear programming model for connecting flights is constructed by cooperating and distributing the positions of ULD and bulk cargo in each flight leg.The model takes into account the weight,volume and matching restrictions of the ULD and bulk cargo.It considered the constraints of aircraft weight limitation,cabin weight limitation,cabin and regional cumulative weight limitation,upper and lower cabins combined weight limitation,and the CG location balance limit.Additionally,the model considers the connectivity constraints of ULD and bulk cargoes in the front and rear legs.According to the two reasons of the extra loading and unloading operation of the intermediate airports,and based on the loading and unloading sequence,the loading and unloading optimization model is established,the CG is optimized and the number of loading and unloading is reduced through the translation of the ULD in the cabin.Taking the B757-200F model as an example,the commercial solver Gurobi was used for the three scenarios of two loadings and one unloading,one loading and two unloadings and two loadings and two unloadings.For three different combinations of objective functions are solved,analyzed and compared.Experimental results show that the model can effectively cooperate and optimize additional loading and unloading operations and CG location of the front and rear legs.