2020—2022年东营市水痘流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Chickenpox in Dongying from 2020 to 2022

目的:分析东营市水痘流行病学特征及变化趋势,为东营市水痘疫情监测以及有针对性地制定水痘预防措施提供参考依据。方法:通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2020—2022年东营市上报的水痘病例信息,利用描述性研究分析水痘的三间分布特征。结果:2020—2022年东营市共报告水痘病例3447例,年均报告发病率为52.41/10万。2020—2022年水痘年均报告发病率分别为59.18/10万、56.76/10万、41.38/10万,呈逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=78.170,P<0.01)。每年的4—7月、10月—次年1月为水痘发病高峰,累计报告水痘病例2499例,占总发病例数的72.50%。2020—2022年东营市各地区水痘年均报告发病率由高到低依次为东营区、垦利区、广饶县、利津县、河口区。男性水痘年均发病率为55.77/10万,高于女性(48.96/10万);水痘发病人群以学生、农民为主;15~20岁年龄段水痘病例数较多,占总发病例数的20.48%(706/3447)。463例有水痘疫苗接种史,占总发病例数的13.43%。98.90%(3409/3447)的病例有不同程度的发热,最高体温为39.0℃。疱疹数量<50个的病例有2413例,占70.01%;50~100个995例,占28.86%;100~200个36例,占1.03%;≥200个3例,占0.09%。病例以门诊病例为主,占99.19%。全部病例均未出现肺炎、脑炎、心肌炎、肾炎及其他合并症。结论:东营市水痘年均发病率呈逐年下降趋势,但仍存在夏季和冬季两个发病高峰,男性发病多于女性,发病人群除了学生之外,还需重点关注农民群体。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Dongying,to provide reference for the surveillance of chickenpox epidemic in Dongying and the formulation of preventive measures against chickenpox.METHODS Reported cases of chickenpox in Dongying from 2020 to 2022 were collected by China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in space,time and population were analyzed by descriptive research.RESULTS From 2020 to 2022,a total of 3447 cases of mumps were reported in Dongying,with an annual reported incidence rate of 52.41/105and the number of cases showed a decreasing trend year by year,the rate of chickenpox were 59.181/105,56.76/105,41.38/105,the difference had statistical significance(χ^(2)=78.170,P<0.01).From 2020 to 2021,the incidence of chickenpox showed obvious periodicity and seasonality,with the peak from April to July and from October to January of the following year,and only from April to July in 2022.The average annual incidence rate of male(55.77/105)was higher than that of female(48.96/105),and students and farmers were the main victims.There were 463 cases with the history of varicella vaccination,accounting for 13.43%of the total incidence;98.90%of the cases had different degrees of fever,and the highest body temperature was 39.0℃.The number of herpes cases was less than 50,accounting for 70.01%.50~100 cases with 995 cases,accounting for 28.86%;36 cases were 100~200 cases,accounting for 1.03%;3 cases≥200 cases,accounting for 0.09%.Mainly outpatient medical records,accounting for 99.19%.CONCLUSION The average annual incidence of mumps in Dongying has been declining year by year,and there are still two peaks in summer and winter.The incidence of mumps in men is more than that in women,and the incidence of mumps in farmers should be focused on besides students.