基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准·汉字表》的形声字教学研究

Research on the Teaching of Pictophonetic Characters Based on“The Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education-Chinese Character List”

本文基于《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准·汉字表》,考察发现形声字在“三等九级”汉字划分中的比重逐级递增,3000个汉字中有2125个形声字,初等中形声字占比55.3%,中等中占比74.1%,高等中占比80%。本文在遵循汉字本体的理据规律和学习者的认知规律的前提下,通过探索形声字的规则性—形旁表义、声旁示音兼表义,提出了依据字频分阶段教学,创建字族类推型教学,培养字感情境化教学等策略,以消解“非汉字文化圈”学习者学习汉字的畏难情绪,培养形声字意识,提高汉语的读写能力。

Based on the“Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education·Chinese Character List”,this paper finds that the proportion of phonograms in the classification of‘three grades and nine grades’Chinese characters is gradually increasing.There are 2125 phonograms in 3000 Chinese characters.The proportion of phonograms in primary stage is 55.3%,medium accounted for 74.1%,high accounted for 80%.Under the premise of following the motivation law of Chinese character ontology and the cognitive law of learners,this paper puts forward a phased teaching method based on word frequency by exploring the regularity of pictophonetic characters—pictophonetic meaning,pictophonetic sound and meaning.Create character family,analogy teaching;to cultivate the sense of characters,situational teaching and other strategies,in order to reduce the‘non-Chinese cultural circle’learners’fear of learning Chinese characters,cultivate the awareness of phonograms,improve Chinese reading and writing ability.