1999—2022年中国科技创新政策工具的演化过程研究

Evolution Process of Science and Technology Innovation Policy Tools in China from 1999 to 2022

为将中国不同阶段科技创新政策工具的演化过程研究直观展示出来,以支持政策工具的决策布局,以1999—2022年中国科技创新政策样本为研究对象,研究该时间段内3个阶段国家级科技创新政策工具的演变情况。将供给型科技创新政策工具、需求型科技创新政策工具和环境型科技创新政策工具的演变过程,基于Python软件构建主题河流图(ThemeRiver)模型,以主题河流图实现演变过程的可视化。结论显示,第一阶段以环境型科技创新政策工具为主;第二阶段需求型科技创新政策工具增长迅速;第三阶段各类科技创新政策工具占比趋于平衡。据此提出了政策决策者应客观认识科技创新政策工具的演变阶段;总结剧烈的变革调整阶段的经验,优化布局科技创新政策工具及其组合的投放与使用;持续重视科技创新政策工具的优化和布局,设计科技创新政策工具组合的柔性动态调整机制,不断发挥科技对科技创新的提升作用等政策建议。

In order to support the decision-making of policy tools layout,the evolution process of policy tools in different stages of science and technology innovation in China is demonstrated.This paper took the sample of China’s national science and technology innovation policies from 1999 to 2022 as the research object,and researched the evolutions of policy tools in three stages in this period.Based on Python software,the ThemeRiver model was constructed to visualize the evolution process of supply-side policy tools,demand-side policy tools and environmental policy tools based on thematic river maps.The results showed that in the first stage,environmental policy tools were the main ones.In the second stage,the demand-side policy tools are growing rapidly.In the third stage,the proportion of various kinds of tools tended to balance.This paper made the following policy recommendations.Policy makers should objectively understand the evolution stage of science and technology innovation policy tools.Policy makers should also sum up the experience of the stage of drastic change and adjustment,and optimize the placement and use of policy tools and their combinations.They should also continue to pay attention to the optimization and layout of policy tools,and design a flexible dynamic adjustment mechanism of policy tool combinations,so as to continuously play the role of policy tools to promote scientific and technological innovation.