魂瓶在两晋之交的衰落与消亡

The Decline and Disappearance of Hun Ping at the Turn of Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties

魂瓶源于堆塑五联罐,是流行在我国吴晋时期东南地区的陶瓷明器,主要产自以上虞为中心的早期越窑,依托于葬俗中的神仙信仰存在。受永嘉南渡等因素冲击,以魂瓶随葬的习俗在两晋之交迅速衰落。这一时期,东南地区税赋、劳役负担沉重,通货紧缩,经济陷入长期萧条。豪门大族隐匿人口、侵夺山泽,商税苛重,早期越窑等民间手工业全面衰退。晋制葬俗等中原文化的传入改变了东南地区的社会文化风气,吴姓士族被侨姓大族压制和削弱,地方习俗难以维持,魂瓶等专用明器用量锐减。大约在咸康年间,随着侨姓大族深入会稽,魂瓶彻底消亡。

Hun Ping was originated from sculpted Five-linked jar.Hun Pings were popular in Southeast Region of China in Wu and Jin Dynasties.They were made in early Yue kiln with Shangyu as the center,based on the Immortal Belief in burial custom.Due to the impact of"Southward Movement of Yongjia"and other factors,the burial customs of accompanying Hun Ping rapidly fades away at the turn of Western and Eastern Jin Dynasties.In this period,Southeast Region carrying a heavy burden of taxes and labor,the economy fell into long period deflation and depression.The powerful families hid the people,occupied the hills and waters.Commercial taxes were very heavy and folk handicrafts as Early Yue kiln completely declined.The burial custom of Jin Dynasty and other culture factor of the Central china changed the local culture.Aristocrat families of Wu were suppressed and weakened by big aristocrat families from the North,their local customs were difficult to maintain.The usage of Soul jars and other special Burial Objects decreased rapidly.Around the Xiankang period,when aristocrat families from the North went deep into Kuaiji to develop estates,the Hun Ping completely disappeared.