南疆四地州脱贫村防返贫的经验总结与优化思考——基于乌什县T村的田野调查

Summary of experiences and optimization thinking on the prevention of returning to poverty in poverty-eradication villages in four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang---Based on the field survey of T village in Wush County

南疆四地州是我国原“三区三州”集中连片深度贫困地区之一,做好该地防返贫工作是推动该地实现乡村振兴的先决条件,科学总结其防返贫工作经验并探讨优化策略,对于其推进乡村振兴意义重大。田野点T村位于阿克苏地区乌什县,是一个典型的边境山区村庄,曾为乌什县深度贫困村,可较好体现出同南疆四地州多数脱贫村一样所存在的一些普遍性与特殊性等问题。本研究通过田野调查获取一手资料,总结了T村防返贫工作中的国家力量主导、对口援疆支持、访惠聚驻村工作队嵌入式治理等经验,分析了其防返贫工作尚存的不足,并针对性地提出了发展优势产业增强造血能力、做好人才队伍建设、增强脱贫群众内生发展动力与发展能力和转变治理理念的优化思考。

The four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang is one of the concentrated and contiguous deeply impoverished regions in China,and doing a well anti-poverty work is the prerequisite for its rural revitalization,so it's of vital significance for the promotion of rural revitalization to scientifically summarize the experience of its anti-poverty work and explore its optimization strategy.T village,located in Wush County,Aksu Prefecture,is a typical village in the frontier mountainous area,and was once one of the deeply impoverished villages in Wush County,which can better reflect some of the universality and specificity of the problems existing in most of the poverty-eradication villages in the four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang.This study obtains first-hand information through field survey,and summarizes the experiences of T Village in preventing the return of poverty,including the leading role of the state,the counterpart support from mainland provinces and cities to Xinjiang,embedded governance model of the“Fang hui ju”village task force,etc.The study also analyzes the remaining shortcomings in the prevention of return to poverty in T village,and puts forward the optimization thinking of developing advantageous industries to enhance the blood-forming ability,accelerating talents squad construction,enhancing the endogenous development motivation and capacity of people out of poverty and changing the concept of governance.