万斯大《春秋》学中的政治秩序思想解析

Analysis of Wan Sida’s Political Order Thoughts on Spring and Autumn Annals

政治秩序是万斯大《春秋》学思想中的重要内容,从王道之尊、君臣之义、立嗣之正三个方面考察,其核心思想是正名分、重公义与通权变。万斯大推尊周王室的权威,也重视侯伯之政的作用,以维系天下的秩序与安定;坚守君臣名分,对世卿与弑逆之臣有严厉的批评,但是对违礼悖德的国君也不加宽宥;坚持以正立嗣,同时强调政治公义,提出立贤与改立新君的主张。万斯大的政治秩序思想既是对《春秋》学所作的疏正,又是激于明清鼎革的时势,以探讨治乱兴衰之由,有着深湛的思考与鲜明的时代特征。

Political order is an important part of Wan Sida’s thoughts on Spring and Autumn Annals,which is investigated from three aspects:the dignity of king’s government,the righteousness of monarch and ministers,and the justice of heir establishment.Its core idea is the rectification of status,the emphasis of righteousness,and the understanding of adaptability.Wan Sida not only respected the authority of the Zhou royal family greatly,but also attached importance to the role of Houbo’s government,in order to maintain the order and stability of the world;he not only adhered to the positions of monarch and ministers,criticized the regicides and the rebellious ministers severely,but also did not forgive the monarchs who violated the etiquette and morality;he insisted on the establishment of heirs with righteousness,at the same time emphasized political justice,put forward the proposition of supporting virtuous persons and re-establishing new monarchs.Wan Sida’s thoughts on political order is not only a rectification to the study of Spring and Autumn Annals,but also a stirring trend of the Ming and Qing dynasty change,in order to explore the causes of the rise and fall of the nation,with profound thinking and distinctive characteristics of the times.