古建筑木结构无损检测内容与研究进展

Content and research progress in nondestructive testing of wooden structures in ancient architecture

中国拥有大量的木结构古建筑。合理有效地检测评估木结构的存在状况,是古建筑保护和修缮工作的重要需求。古建筑木结构无损检测是以无损检测和评估古建筑木结构安全性,以现场应用和实际需求为导向的木材材性检测评估技术,检测内容主要包括缺陷无损检测和木材物理力学性能无损检测两个方面。木结构、木构件隐藏缺陷的检测以及评估是古建筑木结构无损检测工作的重点和难点。本文首先介绍古建筑木结构的组成,总结其无损检测内容和目前常见无损检测方法;然后归纳总结古建筑木构件隐藏缺陷无损检测、古建筑木构件分等、腐朽对古建筑木材力学性能影响等应用和研究进展;最后归纳说明古建筑木材力学性能无损检测和自然老化对古建筑木材性质影响的研究状况。以期对从事木结构文物保护技术应用和科研工作的相关人员,有所启发和帮助。

China has a large number of ancient wood structure buildings.To test and evaluate the condition of ancient wood structures reasonably and effectively is demanded by condition assessment of the wooden structures for protection and restoration of the buildings.Nondestructive testing of ancient wood structures is a test and evaluation technique to wood properties,oriented by inspecting and evaluation of wooden structure safety,and in situ application and actual inspection demands.The testing content mainly includes two aspects:nondestructive testing of defects and nondestructive testing of physical and mechanical properties.Assessing concealed defects of wooden structures and wood members is the main task and difficult work of the nondestructive testing of ancient wooden structures.Firstly,this paper introduces the composition of wooden structures of ancient buildings,and summarizes the nondestructive testing content and current common nondestructive testing methods.Then,the application and research progress of the inspection of concealed defects,the classification of wood members and the influence of decay on mechanical properties of ancient wood were summarized.Finally,the research status of nondestructive testing of ancient wood mechanical properties and effect of natural aging on wood properties of ancient buildings were summed up.The paper should be able to inspire and help relevant people who engaged in the inspection application and scientific research of protection technology of ancient building wood structures.