全球体育联系网络时空特征及其影响因素——以波士顿马拉松参赛者为例

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Global Sport Linkage Networks and Their Influencing Factors:Based on the Boston Marathon

为探究面向体育赛事的城市全球联系网络的时空特征,文章以世界六大马拉松赛事举办地之一波士顿马拉松参赛者2010—2019年数据为基础,运用社会网络分析法和空间分析法,对城市全球体育联系网络时空演化特征及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)时间上,波士顿马拉松参赛者来源国家(地区)从2010年的71个增加至2019年的99个,参赛规模从26000人上升至30000人,网络规模呈波动上升趋势;(2)空间上,波士顿全球体育联系网络密度变大(0.551→0.787),加权平均度增加(32.41→60.31),网络异质性降低(0.497→0.415)等网络特征日益凸显;(3)节点度上,节点主要分布于欧洲和美洲,亚洲次之,非洲较少,大洋洲不变;(4)网络演化上,波士顿与世界各国的联系普遍增强,其中加拿大、墨西哥和欧洲国家与波士顿的联系愈发紧密,亚洲与其的联系强度次之,非洲与其的联系强度小幅增加;(5)影响因素上,全球化水平、经济因素、文化因素、社会因素及交通因素是影响波士顿城市全球体育联系网络时空演化的主要因素。

In order to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban global linkage networks of sports events,it applies the methods of social network analysis and spatial analysis to study the characteristics of the spatio-temporal evolution of the global sport linkage networks and their influencing factors based on the data of Boston Marathon participants in 2010-2019.The results show that:1) The number of countries(regions) from which Boston Marathon participants came increased from 71 in 2010 to 99 in 2019,and the number of participants increased from 26000 to 30000,with a fluctuating upward trend in the network size.2) The density of the global sport linkage network of Boston Marathon became larger(0.551→0.787),the weighted average degree increased(32.41→60.31),network heterogeneity decreases(0.497→0.415).3) Nodes of the global sport linkage network are mainly distributed in Europe and the Americas,followed by Asia,Africa is less,Oceania is unchanged.4) The global sport linkage network of Boston Marathon with countries(regions) has generally increased,especially Canada,Mexico and Europe,followed by Asia.Africa's connection with Boston is increasing slightly.5) Globalization level,economic factors,cultural factors,social factors,and transportation factors are the main factors influencing the spatial-temporal evolution of the global sport linkage network in Boston.