制造企业数字创新与能力重构的过程机理研究

Research on the process mechanism of digital innovation and capability reconfiguration in manufacturing enterprises

数字创新作为制造企业创新的新范式,其关键内涵和实施过程正成为学界和业界重点关注的研究问题。基于数字创新、数字化能力文献以及战略—能力匹配理论视角,探究制造企业数字创新战略实施重构其关键数字化能力的作用机制和路径。通过格力电器的纵向案例研究发现:第一,制造企业数字创新实施过程分为数字流程创新、数字产品创新和数字服务创新三个阶段,数字创新战略可分为效率型、新颖型和融合型三种类型导向;第二,数字协同能力、数字创新扩散能力和数字价值化能力三种数字化能力分别起到主导作用,数字化能力重构的方式包括进化式重构、替代式重构和共创式重构;第三,在不同数字创新阶段,数字创新战略实施重构数字化能力的过程机制存在差异。具体体现为,在数字流程创新阶段,企业效率导向的数字创新战略通过进化式重构方式形成数字协同能力。在数字产品创新阶段,企业新颖导向的数字创新战略通过替代式重构方式形成数字创新扩散能力。在数字服务创新阶段,企业融合导向的数字创新战略通过共创式重构形成数字价值化能力。本文打开了制造企业实施数字创新战略重构其数字化能力的过程“黑箱”,为制造企业开展数字创新活动提供理论指导和实践启示。

Digital innovation,as a new innovation paradigm for manufacturing enterprise,its connotations and implementation processes are becoming a focus of research in academia and industry.Based on the literature on digital innovation,digital capabilities and the theory of strategy-capability matching,this paper studied the process mechanism of digital innovation and digital capability reconfiguration in manufacturing enterprises.Through a longitudinal case study of Gree Electric Appliances,the results of study are as follows:Firstly,the implementation process of digital innovation in manufacturing enterprises can be divided into three stages:digital process innovation,digital product innovation and digital service innovation.Digital innovation strategies can be guided by three types:efficiency-oriented,novelty-oriented and convergence-oriented.Secondly,the three digital capabilities of digital synergy,digital innovation diffusion and digital value-added play a leading role respectively.The ways of reconfiguring digital capabilities include evolutionary reconfiguration,substitution reconfiguration and co-creation reconfiguration.Thirdly,there are differences in the process mechanism of implementing digital innovation strategies to reconfigure digital capabilities at different stages of digital innovation.Specifically,in the stage of digital process innovation,efficiency-oriented digital innovation forms digital synergy capabilities through evolutionary reconfiguration.In the stage of digital product innovation,novelty-oriented digital innovation forms digital innovation diffusion capability through substitution reconfiguration.In the stage of digital service innovation,convergence-oriented digital innovation forms digital value-added capabilities through co-creation reconfiguration.This paper opened up the"black box"of the process for manufacturing enterprises to implement digital innovation strategies and reconfigure their digital capabilities,thus providing theoretical guidance and practical inspiration for manufacturing enterprises to carry out digital innovation activities.