实时电价的社会福利解析

Social Welfare Analysis of Real-time Pricing

实时电价的电力需求响应技术在供给平衡的基础上提高了多能源的开发与利用,进而提高了能源市场的整体效率。为了解析说明实时电价具有的社会效益,本文在社会福利最大化模型的基础上,研究分析了实时电价与社会福利的关系。首先,通过二次规划求解社会福利最大化模型获得电价解析解。在此基础上,本文得到并分析了实时电价与社会福利的定量关系。其次,用户用电弹性系数以及预设参数对实时电价以及社会福利的影响被解析说明。进一步地,基于电价解析解,本文给出并分析了实时电价相对于固定电价产生的社会福利增值。最后,结合解析结论以及上海市定价标准进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,实时电价较之分时电价不仅增加了消费者剩余,同时提高了社会福利。

Demand response technology based on real-time pricing improves the development and utilization of muti-energy sources based on the balance of supply and demand,thereby improving the overall efficiency of the energy market.To analyze the social welfare of real-time pricing,the relationship between real-time pricing and social welfare based on the social welfare maximization model are studied.Firstly,the analytic solution of realtime pricing under the social welfare maximization is obtained through quadratic programming.On this basis,the quantitative relationship between price and social welfare is derived.Subsequently,based on the derivation results,the impact of the user's elastic parameters and preset parameters on real-time pricing and social welfare is analyzed and explained.Furthermore,the social welfare benefits of real-time pricing compared to fixed electricity prices are explained.Finally,combined with the analytical results and Shanghai pricing standards,an empirical study is implemented.The empirical research results show that real-time prices not only increase consumer surplus,but also improve social welfare compared.