消化道肿瘤患者疾病获益感的潜在剖面及影响因素分析

Latent profile of benefit finding in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and analysis of its influencing factors

目的识别并描述消化道肿瘤化疗患者疾病获益感的潜在类别及其主要影响因素。方法选择2021年12月—2022年4月在本院内科住院接受抗肿瘤治疗的247例消化道肿瘤患者为研究对象。按消化道肿瘤患者疾病获益感分类特征分为低获益组(72例)、中获益组(135例)和高获益组(40例)三组。采用自制的一般资料调查表、疾病获益感量表、领悟的社会支持量表和应对方式量表收集患者的相关资料。采用潜在剖面分析方法识别消化道肿瘤患者疾病获益感的潜在类别,并采用多元logistic回归分析不同类别的影响因素。结果消化道肿瘤化疗患者的疾病获益感分为“低获益”(占比29.6%)、“中等获益”(53.6%)和“高获益”(16.8%);高获益组患者在疾病获益感各维度及总分得分高于中获益组,中获益组得分高于低获益组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组患者在性别、年龄、婚姻状态、家庭人均月收入、疾病分期、直系亲属患癌情况、屈服维度得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组患者在学历分布、每周锻炼频次、家庭内支持、家庭外支持、应对和回避的应对方式得分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);领悟的社会支持和医学应对方式是消化道肿瘤患者疾病获益感潜在类别的独立影响因素。结论消化道肿瘤患者疾病获益感整体上处于中低水平。护理人员应根据患者的特征提供相应的措施,发挥患者的社会支持作用,注重家庭外支持;同时为低获益组患者提供适当的“应对”和“回避”应对方式,以提高患者的疾病获益水平。

Objective To identify and describe the potential categories and the influencing factors of benefit finding in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy.Methods A total of247 inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer who were admitted to the department of medical oncology in Sun Yatsen University cancer center from December 2021 to April 2022 were selected as study subjects.Patients with digestive tract tumors were divided into the low benefit group,the medium benefit group and the high benefit group according to the classification characteristics of disease benefit.Among them,72 patients in the low benefit group,135 patients in the high benefit group and 40 patients in the high benefit group.Self-designed general information questionnaire,benefit finding scale,perceived social support scale and medical coping modes questionnaire were used to collect patient data.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential categories of benefit finding in patients diagnosed with digest tract cancer undergoing chemotherapy and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze its influencing factors.Results The benefit finding in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy were categorized into“low benefit finding”(29.6%),“medium benefit finding”(53.6%)and“high benefit finding”(16.8%).The scores of each dimension and total score of benefit finding in the high-benefit group were higher than those in the medium-benefit group,and the scores in the medium-benefit group were higher than those in the low-benefit group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in gender,age,marital status,family monthly income per capita,disease stage,cancer status of immediate family members,and yield dimension score among the three groups(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in education distribution,weekly exercise frequency,family support,outside family support,coping style and avoidance coping style among the three groups(P<0.05).Perceived social support and medical coping modes were the influencing factors of the potential categories of benefit finding.Conclusions The benefit finding in patients diagnosed with digest tract cancer undergoing chemotherapy is in the low-medium level.Nursing staff should provide corresponding support based on the characteristics of patients.Playing the role of social support for gastrointestinal cancer patients,and paying attention to social support outside the family should be highly suggested.At the same time,nursing staff should provide appropriate positive coping and avoidance strategies for patients in the low benefit finding group to improve their level of benefit benefit.