“专精特新”认定政策与中小企业技术创新

"Specialized,refined,characteristic and innovative"qualification accreditation policies and technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises

企业创新尤其是中小企业创新是国家经济高质量发展的驱动力,也是增强链补短链,维护国家经济安全的保障,但创新具有经济正外部性的特征,加之中小企业在人才、资金等方面的限制,创新积极性不高,为此,国家出台“专精特新”资质认定政策,其灵魂就是赋能中小企业创新。本文基于2015-2021年深沪A股上市公司数据,构建多时点双重差分模型进行经验分析,探究该政策作用于中小企业技术创新的机制与影响效应。研究发现:总体上,“专精特新”资质认定政策能够显著提升中小企业的技术创新水平(研发投入和创新产出),但激励效应的持续性不强;机制检验表明,该政策能够通过“资源倾斜”效应推动中小企业技术创新,且存在“资质升级”和“区域差异”的异质性效应,相比于省、市级资质认定政策而言,国家级“专精特新”资质认定政策对中小企业技术创新的激励效应更强,验证了政策梯度培育的科学性,但也反映出省、市级资质认定可能存在资格审查不严、持续创新动力激励不足等问题;相比于欠发达地区,经济政治资源丰富地区的政策吸收效果较弱,因此政策应当因地制宜,规避区域性政策饱和风险。本文不仅拓展了“专精特新”资质认定政策影响企业创新的相关研究,并且为优化政策以持续促进中小企业高质量发展提供了经验借鉴。

The innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)drives the national high-quality and self-reliance development and it is the basis for consolidating common prosperity.In addition,enterprise innovation has the characteristics of positive externality.Therefore,the State has issued the"specialized,refined,characteristic and innovative"qualification accreditation policy,the soul of which is to empower enterprise technological innovation.This paper explored the mechanism and impact of the policy on the technological innovation of SMEs,and based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai from 2015 to 2021,it constructed a time-varying DID model for empirical analysis.The research found that:(1)in general,the qualification accreditation policy of"specialized,refined,characteristic and innovative"enterprises can significantly improve the technological innovation level(R&D investment and innovation output)of SMEs,but the incentive effect is not strong;(2)the mechanism test showed that the policy can promote the technological innovation of SMEs through the"resource bias"effect,and there are heterogeneous effects of"qualification upgrading"and"regional difference";(3)Compared with provincial and municipal qualification accreditation policies,the national"specialized,refined,characteristic and innovative"qualification accreditation policy has a stronger incentive effect on the technological innovation of SMEs,which verifies the scientific nature of policy gradient cultivation.However,it also reflected that there may be problems such as lax qualification examination and insufficient motivation for continuous innovation in provincial and municipal qualification accreditation.(4)Compared with less developed regions,the absorption effect of policies in regions rich in economic and political resources is weaker,so policies should be adapted to local conditions to avoid the risk of regional policy saturation.This paper has not only expanded the relevant research on the impact of"specialized,refined,characteristic and innovative"qualification accreditation policy on enterprise innovation,but also provided some experiences for optimizing the policy to continuously promote the high-quality development of SMEs.