欧盟最新发展融资制度改革及其对“全球门户”战略的影响

The Latest Reform of EU Development Finance and Its Impact on the“Global Gateway”Strategy

资金是实现发展不可或缺的条件,在发展融资“私人转向”的大背景下,欧盟既顺应了这一趋势又采取了独树一帜的改革路径。本文聚焦欧盟2021年的发展融资制度改革,考察其方案的独特性及其对“全球门户”战略的影响。欧盟方案的独特性在于欧盟委员会的指挥角色。新制度通过加强欧委会的管理协调职能,使发展融资服务于提升欧盟地缘政治影响力的宏大目标。基于对新制度落实情况的细致考察,文章认为,欧盟不是简单地重新包装既有金融工具,而是在地理区域和投资领域选择上都更具战略性,也能更灵活地调动不同类型的发展融资机构并协调与成员国的援助资金。新制度对欧盟“全球门户”战略产生了重要影响,对“一带一路”带来的挑战不容小觑。

Capital is an indispensable condition for achieving development.Against the background of“private turn”in development finance,the EU has not only followed this trend,but adopted a unique reform approach.This article focuses on the EU’s latest reform of its development finance system in 2021 and explores its uniqueness as well as its influence on the“Global Gateway”strategy.The uniqueness of the EU’s approach lies in the commanding role of the European Commission.By strengthening the management and coordination functions of the European Commission,the new system has enhanced the EU’s geopolitical influence.Based on a delicate examination of the new system’s performance,this article argues that instead of simply repackaging the existing financial instruments,the EU behaves in a highly strategic way in selecting geographical areas and investment fields and has become more flexible in adjusting different types of development finance institutions and coordinating aid funds from member states.This new system has an significant impact on the EU’s“Global Gateway”strategy and the challenges it brings to the“Belt and Road Initiative”cannot be underestimated.