农村妇女本地就业如何提升家庭内生发展动力——基于帮扶车间的案例研究

How does Rural Women's Local Employment Enhance the Self-driven Development Motivation of Their Families?A Case Study on Poverty Alleviation Workshop

提升脱贫家庭内生发展动力对巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接具有重要意义。基于心理资本理论和家庭发展理论,本文先从家庭发展信念和家庭发展能力两个维度界定家庭内生发展动力并构建全文分析框架,然后选取河北省阜平县农村妇女在帮扶车间就业的案例,深入分析农村妇女本地就业对其个人内生发展动力的影响,以及对家庭内生发展动力的带动过程及结果。本文研究发现:在帮扶车间就业促进了农村妇女的市场劳动参与,显著提升了农村妇女个人发展信念和个人发展能力。同时,本地就业所带来的收入增加重塑了农村妇女的家庭地位,以经济互动和情感互动为纽带的家庭互动也随之改变,进而激发了家庭发展信念,改善了家庭发展能力,提升了家庭整体内生发展动力。值得注意的是,农村妇女本地就业对其丈夫的影响仅体现在生活层面,丈夫生产性内生发展动力的提升暂未获得现实验证。这说明农村妇女本地就业在提升家庭内生发展动力方面具有现实复杂性,但不可否认的是农村妇女身上蕴藏的智慧和力量,以及农村妇女本地就业对其家庭发展所具有的重要作用。鉴于此,本文认为,基于性别瞄准的就业帮扶是一种提升家庭内生发展动力的靶向性公共政策工具,是推进中国社会治理精细化以及贫困治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要路径。

Enhancing the self-driven development motivation of poverty-stricken families is of great significance for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.This paper first defines the family's self-driven development motivation from two dimensions,which are families'development beliefs and development capabilities,and then constructs a comprehensive analytical framework for the entire study.Taking rural women working in poverty alleviation workshops in Fuping County,Hebei Province as an example this paper analyzes the impact of local employment of rural women on their personal self-driven development motivation,as well as the driving process and results of the self-driven development motivation of their families.We find that,first,employment in the workshops has promoted rural women's labor participation and significantly enhanced their personal development beliefs and abilities.Second,increased income from local employment has reshaped the family status of rural women,and the family interaction linked by economic and emotional interactions has also changed,which further stimulates family development beliefs,improves family development abilities,and enhances the overall intrinsic development motivation within the family.It is worth noting that the impact of local employment of rural women on their husbands is only reflected in the life,and the improvement of the husbands'productive self-driven development motivation has not yet been verified in reality.This indicates that the relationship between women's employment and family development is complex in real-life situations.Nevertheless,we cannot deny the wisdom and power embedded in rural women and the important role of local employment of rural women in family development.Therefore,our paper suggests that gender-targeted aid program should be a public policy tool to enhance the self-driven development motivation within families and an important path to promote the refinement of China's social governance and modermization of poverty govermance system and capability.