晚明闽南海防铳城(台)选址与职能

Site Selection and Function of Minnan Coastal Defense Gun Fort(Battery)in the Late Ming Dynasty

作为晚明岸防技术革新的重要载体与典型代表,闽南区域海防铳城(台)及附属设施相继修建,按其选址与职能,可分为江河防御型、港口防御型、岛屿防御型三种类型,具备鲜明的海防工程特征。同时,在遵循海防地理规律的基础上,其选址既受统炮技术发展制约,又受其海防职能设定影响,呈现向重要航道口门狭窄处,重点港口港区正侧面,以及岛屿登陆岸滩等冲要位置集中,其主要海防职能为封锁航道,港区防护与岛屿防御。晚明闽南海防铳城(台)的建设虽受欧洲势力东渐的刺激,但更多体现的是本土军事工程传统的传承与创新。

As an important carrier and typical representative of coastal defense technology innovation in thelate Ming Dynasty,Minnan(闽南)coastal defense Gun Fort(铳城)and its ancillary facilitieswere built one after another.According to its location and function,it can be divided into riverdefense type,port defense type,island defense type and so on,each had distinct characteristics ofcoastal defense engineering.At the same time,following the law of coastal defense geography,itssite selection was not only restricted by the development of gun technology,but also affected by itscoastal defense function,showing the characteristics of concentrated positions such as the narrowentrance of important channel,the front side of important port,and island landing beach.Its coastaldefense functions were to block the channel,port protection and island defense.Although theconstruction of Minnan Gun Fort in the late Ming Dynasty was led by the eastward spread ofEuropean technology,it more reflected the inheritance and innovation of the local militaryengineering tradition.