现代科幻文艺对技治主义的敌托邦批判

The Criticism and Enlightenment of Modern Science Fiction Literature Against Technocracy

科幻文艺从早期萌芽发展到现代形态,曾经以其主题纷呈的乌托邦愿景引领现代技术治理社会的现实建构。然而,20世纪科幻文艺显现出一种忧惧晦暗的敌托邦叙事转向,聚焦于对技治主义的多元批判,涵盖从发达工业社会的极权统治危机、科技理性的失控危险、生态末世灾难、“造物主”的主体困境到人机交互社会的异化魇景等立体审视。科技敌托邦从乌托邦、社会文化、伦理和理论基石等层面对技治主义展开了多维批判,为当代技术治理走向善治提供了诸多启示,有助于构建一个技术进步与人类意义协同演进、可持续发展的真实世界。

From the early stage to the modern forms,the science fiction literature and art have led the realistic construction of the modern technological governance of society with its utopian visions.However,in the 20th century,the science fiction literature and art showed a distraught dystopian narrative turn,focusing on the pluralistic criticism of the technological governance of society,which ranges from the totalitarian crisis of the developed industrial society,the danger of losing control of technological rationality,ecological apocalyptic imagination,the creator's subjective dilemma,to the alienation nightmare of human-computer interaction society.The technological dystopias'criticism against the technocracy from the aspects of utopia,social culture,ethics and theoretical cornerstone,provides enlightenment for the contemporary good technological governance,which is helpful to construct a real world in which technological progress and human meaning co-evolve and develop sustainably.