人工智能伦理何以由“儒规”走向“道引”?

Why Artificial Intelligence Ethics Shift from"Confucian Rules"to"Taoist Guidance"?

目前学界对于人工智能的伦理与道德层面的探讨思路普遍遵循儒家的“仁爱”与“德治”。而具有理性主义传统的儒家到了西汉与“以名为教”结合、重于外在形式,造成了道德的异化。与之对应,遵循儒家的人工智能伦理现阶段也面临着因技术隐蔽升级而陷入道德伪化的困境。对此,道家对儒家的修正强调“化当然为自然”,实现合目的性与合规律性的统一。从受到外在规约的“善”走向自然而然的“善”,甚是符合人工智能技术从弱转化为强、从专用转向通用的应然状态。由此,以儒家理论支撑的外置型伦理规范并不能完全满足此技术的发展,相比而言以道家为依据的内发型伦理设计更加符合人工智能的生成特性。

The academic circles generally follow the Confucian"benevolence"and"rule by virtue"in the discussion of the ethical and moral aspects of artificial intelligence(AI).However,Confucianism with rationalist tradition combined with teaching in the Western Han Dynasty,which was more important than the external form,resulting in the alienation of morality.Correspondingly,following the artificial intelligence ethics of Confucianism is also facing the dilemma of moral hypocrisy due to the hidden upgrading of technology.In this regard,the revision of Confucianism by Taoism emphasizes"turning nature into nature"and realizes the unity of purpose and regularity.From the"good"subject to external regulations to the natural"good",which is in line with the natural state of artificial intelligence technology from weak to strong,from special to general.Therefore,the external ethical norms supported by Confucian theory can not fully meet the development of this technology.Compared with the internal ethical design based on Taoism,it is more in linewith thegeneration characteristics of artificial intelligence(AI).