中国共产党科技观的历史考察

A Historical Study of the View on Science and Technology of the Communist Party of China

中国共产党的科技观寓于中国式现代化道路的曲折过程,与时代主题、社会需要紧密相关。经历了“科学被当做救国的工具、把科学实验看作一种社会实践、科学技术是第一生产力、科学技术成为国家利益和国家发展范畴的重要因子”的演变。在这些观念的嬗变中形塑了中国共产党科技观的最显著特征,那就是现实主义的或实践的科技观。现实主义科技观中的科学脱离了想象中的完全超然的地位,成为经济社会结构和政治思想的一部分。中国共产党的这种现实主义科技观有其存在的合理性,但是要实现建设世界科技强国的战略目标,还应当观照科学的本质形态,用纯科学的理想来平衡现实主义科技观中的功利取向。

The Communist Party of Chinas view on science and technology resides in the tortuous process of the Chinese path to modernization,and is closely related to the theme of the times and social needs,which has evolved from a tool to save the country,to regarding scientific experiment as a social practice,to the first productive force,and then to a national strategic force.The most notable feature of the CPC's view on science and technology is shaped in the evolution of these concepts,that is,the realistic or practical view on science and technology.This view make science and technology become a part of the economic and social structure and political thought.The realistic view on science and technology of the CPC has its rationality,but in order to achieve the strategic goal of building a world scientific and technological power,we should also consider the essential form of science,and use pure scientific ideals to balance the utilitarian orientation in the realistic view on science and technology.