芽孢杆菌在母猪、仔猪生产中应用的研究进展

Research progress on application of Bacillus in sows and piglets production

芽孢杆菌益生菌是常见的微生态制剂,其孢子对温度、压力、养分等均具有高度抵抗力,能够耐受多种饲料的加工工艺,已在畜禽生产中广泛使用。芽孢杆菌益生菌的作用机制包括:分泌抑菌物质或通过群体感应直接抑菌;调节肠道环境,使其利于共生菌和非致病菌在肠道内的定植;调节免疫,使其利于宿主适应性免疫系统的发育;产酶产酸,促进营养物质的消化吸收。在饲粮中添加芽孢杆菌可减少母猪哺乳期失重和背膘损失,降低母猪围产期代谢综合征的发生概率,同时增加仔猪初生重、断奶重和平均日增重。文章就近些年芽孢杆菌益生菌作用机制的研究进展及其对母猪和仔猪生产性能和健康的影响展开综述,为芽孢杆菌在畜禽生产实践中更好地使用提供参考。

Bacillus probiotics are common microecological agents,and their spores are highly resistant to temperature,pressure,and nutrients,and can tolerate various feed processing technologies,so they have been widely used in livestock and poultry production.The action mechanism of Bacillus probiotics includes secreting antibacterial substances or directly inhibiting bacteria through quorum sensing,regulating the intestinal environment to facilitate the colonization of symbiotic bacteria and non-pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract,regulating immunity to facilitate the development of the host adaptive immune system,and producing enzymes and acids to promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients.Dietary addition of Bacillus can reduce weight loss and backfat loss of sows during lactation,reduce the occurrence rate of perinatal metabolic syndrome of sows,and increase the birth weight,weaning weight,and average daily gain of piglets.In this paper,the research progress on the action mechanism of Bacillus probiotics and its influence on the growth performance and health of sows and piglets in recent years were reviewed,which provided a reference for better use of Bacillus in livestock and poultry production practice.