皖西大别山农耕区表层土壤养分地球化学综合评价及影响因素

Comprehensive Geochemical Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Topsoil Nutrients in a Farming Area of Dabie Mountain in Western Anhui,China

土壤养分是影响农作物产量的重要指标,掌握中国主要农业生产区的土壤养分时空演变特征对合理使用农业土地资源具有重要的意义。本文以中国重要农耕区皖西大别山六安地区为研究区,采集浅层土壤(0~20cm)样品1295组,采用硫碳仪、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法等技术进行测试。应用统计学分析方法,在分析pH值的基础上,对总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和钾(K)和土壤有机质(SOM)四个地球化学养分指标进行单指标养分等级划分和土壤养分综合等级评价,并探讨了各项指标的影响因素。结果表明:研究区98.88%的土壤为酸性土壤(其中8.03%为强酸性土壤),受地貌类型影响较大;TN分布以中等丰富为主,受土壤类型影响较大;TP以中等含量和缺乏为主,受地貌类型的影响较大;K是最为丰富的元素,其含量在中等及以上的比例达97.81%,主要受地貌类型的影响;SOM以中等和较缺乏为主,受土壤类型、土地利用方式和地貌类型的共同影响,且SOM含量与TN含量呈高度正相关。全区土壤养分等级以中等为主,占全区总面积的60.10%,其次是较缺乏土壤,占25.27%,南部山区养分状况优于北部平原区。整体上,研究区土壤具有养分较差、养分分布不均匀、普遍酸化的特点,部分地区应按需调整肥料的使用平衡土壤养分。可通过农田养分的管理,提高农业产量。

Western Anhui is an important precision agricultural area in China,characterized by diverse landforms and multiple soil types.To determine the spatial distribution of soil nutrient elements and their controlling factors,we analyzed 5 nutrient indicators by collecting 1295 groups of shallow soil(0-20cm)samples and conducted a comprehensive soil nutrient geochemical grade evaluation on the basis of single indicator analysis.The results show that soil nutrients are poor in the cultivated lands of the northern region.The use of fertilizer should be adjusted as needed to balance the soil nutrients in some areas,and the management of farmland nutrients is suggested for improving the agricultural yield.