抗战时期西部边疆林木资源调查与开发利用

Exploration and Exploitation of Forest Resources on China's Western Frontier During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

晚清时期,东北全面放禁和人口大量涌入带动了林木资源开发,中、俄、日三国竞相前往采伐和运销,使东北木材在华北、华东市场长期占据优势地位。九一八事变后,日本凭借军事强力、经济优势和先进制材技术垄断东北林木资源,肆意采伐并运销东北木材至日本本土和朝鲜半岛,以满足扩大侵略战争的需要,造成东北木材运销到华北、华东地区的数量急剧减少,产自美国和加拿大的花旗松木材输入中国的数量则逐年增加,以致漏危日深。为挽救利权流失和开发国产木材,中国林学家在西部边疆的川康甘边区寻找到大量优质林木资源。抗战全面爆发后,由于木材需求量猛增,木材商、伐木公司和木材使用单位派人前往川康甘边区大量采伐和运销林木,供给抗战大后方军事、工矿企业和交通通信各项建设,有力地支援了抗战。抗战时期,西部边疆林木资源的调查与开发利用,彰显了中国面对外来侵略危机时具有的强大自救能力。

With the abandonment of the“closed-off”policy in Northeast China during the late Qing Dynasty,migrants from various regions of China flocked to this area,leading to a flourishing logging industry.Chinese,Russian,and Japanese nationals raced to Northeast China to exploit the timber resources,resulting in the region's enduring dominance in the North and East China timber markets.Following the September 18th Incident,Japan gradually monopolized the logging industry in Northeast China through its military might,economic power,and advanced logging techniques.Japan aggressively harvested timber in Northeast China,shipping it to Japan and Korea as part of its expansionist agenda.Consequently,timber supply from Northeast China to North and East China markets plummeted significantly,necessitating increased imports of Douglas-fir timber from the United States and Canada,exacerbating China's trade deficits.To address this challenge,Chinese forestry experts identified vast,high-quality forest resources in the Sichuan-Xikang-Gansu borderland in Southwest China.During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,timber merchants,logging companies,and other timber-consuming entities rushed to this borderland for timber exploitation and transportation.Timber from Southwest China played a crucial role in military construction,industrial projects,and transportation infrastructure,significantly supporting the war effort.China's exploration and exploitation of timber resources in its western frontier during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression showcased the nation's ability to mobilize in response to foreign aggression.