阎锡山与国民党二次北伐

Yan Xishan and the Second Northern Expedition by the Kuomintang

1927年6月,晋系军阀阎锡山正式加入国民党北伐。在此前后,他周旋于张作霖、冯玉祥之间,既谋求与张作霖联合,酿奉、宁、晋“讨共大同盟”;又同冯玉祥“捐弃前嫌”,相约讨奉。山西毗邻京畿的特殊地理位置使阎锡山在北伐中充当了独特的历史角色,也令其萌生进取京津的野心。9月底,阎锡山挑起晋奉战争,但晋绥军财力、兵力不足的劣势日渐凸显,很快由攻转守。1928年5月北伐局面扭转后,阎锡山乘势进占京津,开始走向全国政治舞台。不过,随着北伐的推进,国民党各派系力争获得更大生存空间和利益,矛盾日益加深,军阀政治的弊病延续至国民政府时期。

In June 1927,the Shanxi Warlord Yan Xishan officially aligned himself with the Northern Expedition camp.During this time,he delicately balanced relationships with Zhang Zuolin and Feng Yuxiang.Considering Zhang Zuolin as a potential ally,Yan favored forming an“Anti-Communist Great Alliance”involving Zhang Zuolin and Chiang Kai-shek.Simultaneously,he was open to reconciling with Feng Yuxiang,seeing him as a valuable partner in his strategy against Zhang Zuolin.Shanxi's strategic location near Peking not only allowed Yan to play a significant role in the Northern Expedition but also fueled his ambition to capture Peking and Tianjin.By the end of September,Yan engaged in conflict with Zhang Zuolin but soon had to shift to a defensive stance due to limited financial and military resources.Following the transition from defense to offense in the Northern Expedition in May 1928,Yan seized the opportunity to capture Peking and Tianjin,establishing himself as a key figure in national politics.However,escalating competition among dfferent Kuomintang factions during the Northern Expedition created deep divisions and posed persistent challenges for the Nationalist government in the future.