史前时期俯身葬葬俗初探

On the customs of prehistoricage

俯身葬作为特殊葬俗,普遍发现于史前各大文化区系中。它可分为正常埋葬类、偶然埋葬类和特殊埋葬类。其中,正常埋葬类见于马家浜文化、马家窑文化与齐家文化中,它反映的是特定时空范围内某一族群共同的文化传统和宗教信仰,可看作是族群的标识之一。特殊埋葬类具有原始宗教意义,反映了先民对待本部落内非正常死亡者的处理态度。此外,俯身葬的选择是带有功利主义的,是服务于生者现实生活的。

Prone burial,a unique funerary practice involving burying the deceased face down,is prevalent across various prehistoric cultures worldwide.This burial custom can be classified into three categories:normal burial,accidental burial,and special burial.The normal burial category,observed in the Majiabang culture,Majiayao culture,and Qijia culture,reflects shared cultural traditions and religious beliefs within specific ethnic groups during particular times and places,serving as a cultural identifier.Special burial practices hold original religious significance,illustrating ancestral attitudes towards non-standard deaths within their communities.Furthermore,the choice of Prone burial often serves utilitarian purposes,benefiting the living in practical ways.