殷墟戚家庄M63、M235墓主人身份讨论

On the identity of occupants of Burial M63 Qijiazhuang,Yinxu

殷墟戚家庄商代墓葬M63、M235位于制玉家族墓地中,随葬青铜礼器铭文透露出墓主人身份信息。M63墓主人先后获得“戉箙”“贾箙”职官称号,生前负责与箙有关的生产管理和流通,兼具武士身份。M235墓主人出身制玉世家,即“玉人”之族,本是玉工。其先祖曾担任?、箙职官,与铸铜家族戉族联姻或拓展生产业务领域而有戉氏。商代尚未产生族群性“贵族”与“贱民”,人们的“贵贱”——社会地位的高低,在本族内就可分出层级。商代职官名号可以世袭,却并非都是官职的真实传承,而往往是“以官为氏”将前辈的职官名作为族氏使用。

Graves M63 and M235 of the Shang Dynasty in the Qijiazhuang area of Yinxu,located within a family cemetery for jade artisans,reveal the identities of the tomb occupants through inscriptions on accompanying bronze ritual vessels.The occupant of M63 held the official titles of"Kui Fuo"and"Jia Fuo"during their lifetime,indicating their responsibility for the production and distribution of implements related to ritual vessels,while also holding a martial identity.The occupant of M235 hailed from a family of jade artisans,known as the"Jade People,"and was a jade worker by profession.Their ancestors had held positions related to ritual vessels,establishing connections with the bronze-casting family of the Kui clan or expanding business ventures into the domain of bronze production.During the Shang Dynasty,the distinction between"noble"and"commoner"had not yet emerged on a societal scale,and individuals'social status was determined primarily within their own families.The titles of official positions during the Shang Dynasty could be hereditary,but not necessarily indicative of true official succession,often serving as surnames through the practice of"using official titles as family names."