袁世凯墓的“旧章”与“新制”

On the old regulation and new system reflected in the burial of YUAN Shikai

河南安阳洹水之滨的袁世凯墓,仿明清皇陵特别是清代皇陵陵宫规制设计,其等级介于帝陵与园寝之间。在石像生雕饰、建筑物彩画、后寝门铁艺等一些细部,也存在着明显的差异,“旧章”与“新制”自然交汇融合。袁世凯墓中的“新”制,大概是对于伪“洪宪”帝制实迹、礼制等的最大幅度的公开保留。整体上看,该墓仍然具有突出的帝王陵墓色彩,是中国古代帝王陵墓制度的殿军。

Situated on the banks of the Huanshui River in Anyang,Henan Province,the tomb of Yuan Shikai emulates the architectural layout of Ming and Qing imperial mausoleums,particularly those of the Qing Dynasty,positioning itself between imperial mausoleums and royal tombs in terms of hierarchy.While bearing similarities in stone-carved decorations,architectural painted motifs,and ironwork on the rear gate,there are also noticeable differences,where the"old traditions"and"new regulations"naturally converge and blend.The"new regulations"observed in Yuan Shikai's tomb likely represent the most significant public preservation of pseudo-"Hongxian"imperial system remnants and ceremonial practices.Despite these changes,the tomb still prominently embodies the characteristics of imperial mausoleums,standing as a prime example of China's ancient imperial burial system.