刑法上恶劣影响情节的经验考察与理论构建

The "Bad Influence" Circumstance in the Criminal Law:Experience Survey and Theoretical Construction

行为是否造成恶劣影响,会影响定罪量刑和程序适用。恶劣影响情节的性质较为复杂,涵盖了负面信息传播、公共信用贬损、公共安宁扰乱和稳定秩序冲击等四种类型。对于恶劣影响情节的适用,可以通过保护法益理论和犯罪情节理论来予以规范和限定。媒体影响等因素的随机性和偶然性,的确是适用恶劣影响情节时应当考虑的问题,但不应一概否认媒体影响因素的合理性。对于犯罪行为及其后果被披露给公众的可能性,应当阶层式地考量披露行为是否具有正当性、是否符合法律的道德信用和媒体的伦理规范。对于合理评估和客观测量恶劣影响的问题,应当强调正当法律程序的理念与机制,说明适用恶劣影响情节的理由,通过证人证言、信访情况、上级重视、信息因素的合理明确规则等,系统认定社会影响的恶劣程度。

Whether a crime has a bad influence affects conviction,sentencing and procedure applica-tion.The nature of"bad influence"is complex,including four categories of dissemination of negative information,damage to public credit,disturbance of public peace and disruption of stable order.Legal interest theory and crime circumstance theory can be used to normatively recognize and define"bad in-fluence"as a legal concept and circumstance type.The randomness and contingency of factors such as media influence are indeed issues that should be considered in imputation,but their reasonableness should not be denied entirely.As to the possibility of the behavior and its consequences being disclosed to the public,whether the disclosure is justified,in line with the moral credibility of the law and the ethical norms of the media should be considered hierarchically.As to the reasonable evaluation and ob-jective measurement of bad influence,the idea and mechanism of due process of law should be empha-sized,the reasons for applying the"bad influence"'circumstance should be explained,and the degree of bad social influence should be systematically determined through reasonable and clear rules on witness testimony,petition situation,attention paid by authorities and information factors.