新喀里多尼亚的非殖民化:原因、进程与困境

Decolonization Efforts in New Caledonia:Causes,Process and Dilemmas

18世纪末新喀里多尼亚开始进入西方殖民统治视野,此后揭开了其与“文明”世界相互交织的碰撞史。自1853年法国吞并新喀里多尼亚后的170年时间里,双方之间的矛盾不断积聚,并发生了激烈冲突事件。按照《努美阿协定》,新喀里多尼亚在2018年、2020年和2021年举行了三次独立性公投,然而寻求独立的努力均以失败告终。从表面上看,新喀里多尼亚独立运动是独立派(原住民)与法国政府权力博奔的产物,但其实质是利益之争、族际冲突及认同混乱的结构性矛盾的体现。2021年,新喀里多尼亚举行的独立公投是最后一次公投行动,但是新喀里多尼亚独立派不认同公投结果并停止独立行动。就目前观察,在没有其他外部力量介入的情况下,新喀里多尼亚短期内很难实现完全独立。

At the end of the 18"century,New Caledonia began to enter the vision of Western colonial rule,and then revealed its history of interweaving and colliding with the"civilized"'world.In the 170 years since the French annexation of New Caledonia in 1853,the contradiction between the two sides has been building up,leading to fierce conflicts.In accordance with the Nouméa Accord,New Caledonia held three independence referendums in 2018,2020 and 2021,but efforts to seek independence failed in the end.On the surface,the New Caledonian independence movement is the product of the power game between the independence faction(aborigines)and the French government,but in essence,it is a manifestation of structural contradictions such as interest disputes,inter-ethnic conflicts and identity confusion.In 2021,a referendum on independence was held in New Caledonia,which was the last to be held,but the New Caledonian secessionists rejected the results of the referendum and stopped their campaign for independence.As far as we can see,it is difficult for New Caledonia to achieve full independence in the short term without the intervention of other external powers.