突厥语族语言名词性领属结构的标注模式及领属标记的功能扩展

The Marking Pattern of NP-internal Possesive Construction and Further Functions of Possesive Markers in Turkic Languages

中国境内突厥语族语言名词性领属结构的典型标注模式为“Pr-领格+Pd-领属人称”的双重标注模式,当领有者为人称代词时更倾向选用“Pr-领格+Pd”“Pr+Pd-领属人称”“Pd-领属人称”的单标注模式,“Pr-领属物词尾”的标注模式体现出黏着语言的个性特点,并置模式“Pr+Pd”不具有普适性,一些濒危语言领属人称词尾呈现出“数一致关系弱化>人称一致关系弱化>标记数量减少”的渐变等级序列。除表达典型的领属义,突厥语族语言领属标记的非领有义特征也十分凸显,是非限定补足语从句和关系小句的重要组成部分。

The typical marking patterns of NP-internal possesive construction in Chinese Turkic languages are Pr+GEN+Pd+POS,and the marking patterns of Pr+GEN+Pd,Pr+Pd+POS and Pd+POS are more preferred when the possesor is a personal pronoun.The pattern of Pr+NI(?)KI reflects the personality characteristics of agglutinative languages,while the juxtaposed pattern of“Pr+Pd”is not universal.The possessive markers of some endangered languages show a gradual rank sequence of weakening of number agreement relationship>weakening of person agreement relationship>decreasing of number of marks.In addition to expressing the typical possessive meaning,the non-possessive meaning features of the possessive markers in Turkic languages are also prominent,and they are an important part of non-finite complement clauses and relative clauses.